BACKGROUND Upper-extremity exercise is for pulmonary rehabilitation. The 6-minute pegboard and ring test (6PBRT) was developed to evaluate arm exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to characterize the 6PBRT and evaluate its relationship with upper-extremity activities of daily living (ADLs) in COPD patients. METHODS Twen...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on muscle tone and muscle stiffness in stroke patients. [ Subjects and Methods] The subjects consisted of 15 patients with chronic stroke (stroke group) and 15 healthy persons (healthy group). We measured the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation intervention o...

OBJECTIVE To systematically review the methodology in particular treatment options and outcomes and the effect of multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with rehabilitation programmes for upper extremity recovery post stroke. METHODS A search was conducted for randomised controlled trials involving tDCS and rehabilitation for the upper extremity in stroke. Quality...

BACKGROUND Extremity injuries necessitating splinting or casting are commonly seen in the emergency department (ED) setting. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for patients to present to the ED with complaints related to an extremity cast or splint. OBJECTIVE To present a literature-based approach to the identification and initial management of patients with possible infectious cast/splint comp...

Tennis places high loads on the joints of players, with supraphysiologic forces being generated at the shoulder and elbow hundreds of times per match. Acute injuries tend to affect the lower extremity; chronic injuries usually involve the upper extremity. Commonly encountered upper extremity conditions include rotator cuff injury, internal impingement, superior labral tears, and epicondylitis o...

OBJECTIVE To explore the pathological changes of lower extremity arteries of patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Fifty patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 30 normal volunteers were included in this study. The inner diameters, peak systolic velocities and intima-media thicknesses of the lower extremity arteries, and the sizes and numbers of the plaques in the lower extremity arteri...

Hemodialysis remains the most commonly used RRT option around the world. Technological advances, superior access to care, and better quality of care have led to overall improvement in survival of patients on long-term hemodialysis. Maintaining a functioning upper extremity vascular access for a prolonged duration continues to remain a challenge for dialysis providers. Frequently encountered dif...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of constrained weight shift induced by shoe lift beneath the unaffected lower extremity, on balance functions and electromyography of the affected lower extremity of stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve patients with unilateral stroke were recruited as volunteers for this study. The subjects were repeatedly measured in a ...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic pole walking on the electromyographic activities of upper extremity and lower extremity muscles. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were randomly divided into two groups as follows: without Nordic pole walking group (n=13) and with Nordic pole walking group (n=13). The EMG data were collected by measurement while the subjects w...

Over a period of 6 weeks , a 69-year-old woman had had gradual onset of low back pain with subsequent development of weakness in the right lower extremity and then numbness in the left lower extremity. Neurologic examination showed decreased sensation to pinprick in both lower extremities, starting at the umbilicus. Temperature and vibratory sensations were absent in the left lower extremity an...