The present study was designed to situate the eight scales of Francis Psychological Type Scales within three dimensional psychological space defined by abbreviated Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised (EPQR-A), drawing on data provided 2,769 clergy and churchgoing participants. support concurrent validity Extraversion Introversion against Scale. also illustrates how all may be nuanced corr...

BACKGROUND Two variants in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene have been reported to be associated with human approach-related traits such as novelty seeking and extraversion. However, the strength of evidence for this association remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies of the association between the DRD4 gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and ...

OBJECTIVE To study the impact of screw orientation on the pullout strength of OsteoMed M3 titanium screws in expansive unilateral open-door laminoplasty of the cervical spine. METHODS Six fresh human cervical spine specimens were randomly numbered and OsteoMed M3 plate and screws were used for an expansive unilateral open-door laminoplasty. The screws were inserted in the lateral mass at diff...

OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to examine the roles of physical passivity and extraversion in the relationship between daily engagement in activities and daily happiness among older adults. METHOD A day reconstruction method was used to accurately examine day-to-day activities and happiness. In total, 438 participants completed a monthly electronic diary survey over a 2-year period...

Fear and reward learning can occur through direct experience or observation. Both channels can enhance survival or create maladaptive behavior. We used fMRI to isolate neural mechanisms of observational fear and reward learning and investigate whether neural response varied according to individual differences in neuroticism and extraversion. Participants learned object-emotion associations by o...