Although extracellular ATP is abundant at sites of inflammation, its role in activating inflammasome signalling in neutrophils is not well characterized. In the current study, we demonstrate that human and murine neutrophils express functional cell-surface P2X7R, which leads to ATP-induced loss of intracellular K(+), NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. ATP-induced P2X7R activatio...

Levels of ATP and related adenylates were measured in the terminal region of efferent nerves in the crayfish opener muscle using the luciferin-luciferase method. Following 1 min of stimulation at 50 Hz, the average (+/- SE) ATP content rose from 13.4 (+/- 1.5) to 19.0 (+/- 2.1) nmol/mg dry weight. The amounts of ADP, AMP, and the phosphagen phosphoarginine did not change significantly. Thus, th...

There is significant evidence to support the notion that glial cells can modulate strength of synaptic connections between nerve cells, and it has further been suggested alterations in intracellular calcium are likely play a key role this process. However, molecular mechanism(s) by which neuronal signaling remains contentiously debated. Recent experiments have extracellular H + efflux initiated...

CD39 is an extracellular ectonucleotidase highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that, sequentially with CD73, contributes to production of adenosine (Ado), via hydrolysis triphosphate (ATP). IPH5201 a blocking anti-CD39 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that may promote antitumor immunity by accumulating immunostimulatory ATP released necrotic cells and reducing immunosuppressive Ado lev...

Adenine nucleotides represent crucial immunomodulators in the extracellular environment. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are responsible for sequential catabolism of ATP to adenosine via AMP, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by “adenosine halo”. AMPD2 intracellularly mediates AMP deamination IMP, thereby both enhancing degradation inflammatory reducing formation adenosine....

As one member of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, P2Y2 receptor can be equally activated by extracellular ATP and UTP. Our previous studies have proved that activation of P2Y2 receptor by extracellular ATP could promote prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo via regulating the expressions of some epithelial-mesenchymal transition/invasion-related genes (including IL-8...

Extracellular ATP acts on the P2X family of ligand-gated ion channels and several members of the P2Y family of G protein-coupled receptors to mediate intercellular communication among many cell types including bone-forming osteoblasts. It is known that multiple P2 receptors are expressed on osteoblasts (P2X2,5,6,7 and P2Y1,2,4,6). In the current study, we investigated complex interactions withi...

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Gerhard Dahl. No. of pages in text. (89) The recently discovered pannexins represent a second family of gap junction proteins in vertebrates. However, instead of forming intercellular gap junction channels like connexins, pannexins operate as unpaired pannexons, allowing the flux of molecules between the cytoplas...

Intracellular photorelease of caged D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), caffeine application, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy were used to determine that D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) coexist in rabbit vagal sensory nodose ganglion neurons (NGNs). ATP, an extracellular physiological signaling molecule, consistently evoke...

Background—Nebivolol and carvedilol are third-generation -adrenoreceptor antagonists, which unlike classic -blockers, have additional endothelium-dependent vasodilating properties specifically related to microcirculation by a molecular mechanism that still remains unclear. We hypothesized that nebivolol and carvedilol stimulate NO release from microvascular endothelial cells by extracellular AT...