This paper focuses on internal and external factors, which influence the inflation rate in developing countries. A monetary model of inflation rate, capable of incorporating both monetary and fiscal policies as well as other internal and external factors, was developed and tested on Iranian data. It was found that, over the long run, a higher exchange rate leads to a higher price and that the f...

objectives: the present research is aimed at surveying the role of (internal and external) religious orientation in the mental health and the extent of depression in elderly people residing in welfare centers and the society. methods: the study has been conducted through post-event and correlation method by using stochastic and cluster sampling in 230 cases of elderly people at senior citizens`...

purpose: to compare the success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy (dcr) with and without bicanalicular silicone intubation for the management of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. methods: in this study, 51 eyes from 50 patients who were diagnosed with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent external dcr. patients with history of trauma and/ or surgery in the ...

introduction: conventional methods for diagnosis of external root resorption (err) are based on clinical findings and x-ray observations which are not appropriate for early diagnosis. the present study assessed the effect of different sizes and field of views (fovs) in the diagnosis of simulated external root resorption by cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). methods and materials: in this dia...

external inflammatory root resorption (eir) represents a challenge in endodontic practice. eir commonly occurs after dental trauma that results in periodontal ligament injury, pulp necrosis and subsequent infection.  treatment of eir is based on disinfecting the root canal system through chemomechanical procedures and then filling it with calcium hydroxide or triple antibiotic paste. dental tra...

conclusions closed reduction and hybrid external fixation can be used as a definitive treatment for severe comminuted fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia, when the concomitant contusion of the skin and soft tissue damage prohibits safe open reduction and internal fixation. patients and methods in a prospective study, 44 patients with comminuted fractures of the distal femur or prox...

internal bleaching technique is a common treatment option for discolored non-vital anterior teeth, but it is not advisable for cases with internal cervical resorption. therefore, other conservative bleaching techniques, such as external bleaching, may be proper treatment options in this situation. remaining discoloration should be covered by restorative options. the best choice for conservative...

the present article studies the different aspects of paris in the lebanese novel in general and in suhayl idris’s al-hayy al-latini in particular as a sample. this study examines the protagonist and al-idrisi’s views of paris as a beautiful western city and as one of the symbols of civilization and culture in modern arabic literature. whether the world is considered to be a psychological model ...

This study investigates geometrical non-linear analysis of composite circular cylindrical shells under external pressure over part of their surfaces and also shells subjected to combined axial compression and triangular external pressure. Donnell non-linear shell theory along with first order shear deformation theory (FOSD) are adopted in the analysis. In the case of combined axial compression ...