The article depicts the situation before Cold War in which developing countries (DCs) and least Developed countries (LDCs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of GATT . Therefore, they resorted to UNCTAD  as the sole defender of their interests against Developed Countries in trade negotiations. UNCTAD has ...

T he view that multiparty elections in changing authoritarian regimes should be held sooner rather than later has been increasingly under attack. Critics argue that, under conditions of low institutional development, multiparty elections may lead to violence and civil war, rather than to the peaceful allocation of authority that everyone desires. Starting from the premise that elections are str...

the current economic crisis that plagued the west since 2008 and followed by the occupy wall street movement in 2011, were the results of the processes started since the last years of the cold war and has turned the western capitalist system into an unstrained ideology. the neoliberal economic model, globalization of economy, limitation of the power of the national governments, the emergence of...

the south ossetia crisis leading to military hostilities between russia and georgia has turned into one of the complicated crises in the caucasus and at the world level since the disintegration of the soviet :union:. this crisis should be considered as the harbinger of a new stage in the international relations arena in the transition from the cold war era. hence, it can be suggested that the c...

The end of the Cold War led to a large drop in world military expenditure, rising fixed costs of developing weapons because of technological changes and a reduction of national preference for domestic weapons. Alongside these developments has been an increase in concentration in the world arms industry, which at the end of the Cold War had been very unconcentrated with concentration ratios clos...

emergence of new geopolitical affairs in the important and sensitive places of the world, like the middle east, balkan, central asia (caucasus zone) and… has caused emergence of a new trend of so called cold war with variables like the expansion of nato to the east, the u.s. missile defense shield, georgia’s events, the prevalent problems of the middle east, those of pakistan and afghanistan, o...