PURPOSE The authors of this article examined the etiology of developmental language impairment (LI) at 4 and 12 years of age, as well as the relationship between the 2. METHOD Phenotypic and quantitative genetic analyses using longitudinal data from the Twins Early Development Study (Oliver & Plomin, 2007) were conducted. A total of 2,923 pairs of twins (1,075 monozygotic [MZ]; 975 dizygotic ...

BACKGROUND In early typical language development, children understand words before they are able to use them in speech. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) generally show impairments in both the comprehension and the production of language. However, the relative degree of delay or impairment in each of these sub-domains may also be atypical and remains less well-understood. AIMS Rel...

Linguistic research and language technology development employ large repositories of ordered trees. XML, a standard ordered tree model, and XPath, its associated language, are natural choices for linguistic data storage and queries. However, several important expressive features required for linguistic queries are missing in XPath. In this paper, we motivate and illustrate these features with a...

The relationship between late-talkers' language development and reading and spelling outcomes was examined in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia. The late-talking subgroups were defined using parent- and test-based assessments of receptive and expressive vocabulary and grammar at 2 and 2.5 years as intake criteria. The language skills of late talkers and the remainders of thes...

BACKGROUND Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of hearing loss in children and is generally treated by elective surgery. We compared in children with persistent OME the effect on speech and language development of immediate surgery (ventilation-tube insertion) and watchful waiting before surgery. METHODS We did a randomised controlled trial with masked outcome assessment...

Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) is a committed-choice declarative language which has been originally designed for writing constraint solvers and which is nowadays a general purpose language. CHR programs consist of multi-headed guarded rules which allow to rewrite constraints into simpler ones until a solved form is reached. Many empirical evidences suggest that multiple heads augment the expre...

OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of breastfeeding initiation and duration with language and motor skill development in a nationally representative sample of US children aged 10 to 71 months. METHODS Using cross-sectional data on 22399 children from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, we examined relationships between breastfeeding practices and children's language and motor ...

This critical review examined the effects that training joint attention had on expressive language in children with autism. Studies included English speaking children diagnosed with autism or pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified between the ages of 2 and 5 years of age. Two of the studies were randomized clinical trials and two were singlesubject, multiple baseline designs...

The ability to speak is uniquely human. Although other species are capable of communicating with each other, the use of speech is a distinguishing feature of Homo sapiens. Is it possible that this trait is determined by specific genes? This question has been debated by linguists for many decades, and both sides of the argument have vocal supporters. The recent isolation of a gene that appears t...

Supportive-expressive (SE) psychodynamic treatment has been receiving much empirical support. It is based on conceptualizing and working through the patients' Core Conflictual Relationship Theme, which includes their main wish (W) in the context of an interpersonal relationship, an actual or anticipated subjective response from the other (RO) in relation to the W, and the subsequent emotional a...