Thirty-one young adults (17-23 years of age) with Down syndrome participated in two self-imposed delay of gratifi cation trials. Thirty-six and forty-eight percent waited for the experimenter to return (15 minutes) on Trials 1 and 2 respectively, and thirty-six percent waited for the experimenter on both occasions. Expressive language differentiated those who waited from those who did not. A di...

Forty-five women participated in a variant of the social orienting paradigm employed in "Maternal Touch Predicts Attentional Bias Towards Faces in Young Children" (Reece, in press) [1]. On a given trial, they saw a mathematical equation and indicated whether this equation was true or false. Equations were superimposed on face or house distractors. A female experimenter sat next to the participa...

The maximum likelihood estimation of the unknown parameters inverse Rayleigh and exponential distributions are discussed based on lower upper records. aim is to study effect type records behavior corresponding estimators. Mean squared errors calculated through simulation results shall be interest those situations where data can obtained in form either two types experimenter must decide between ...

Cyclic undrained triaxial tests are commonly used in research and practical design to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of sandy soils. This paper aims propose a methodology by considering variability or uncertainty associated with experimentation, using Bayesian statistics Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. In addition conventional nonhierarchical modeling, hierarchical modeling is adopted...

In order to reveal early species-specific differences, we observed the behavior of dog puppies (n = 11) and wolf pups (n = 13) hand raised and intensively socialized in an identical way. The pups were studied in two object-preference tests at age 3, 4, and 5 weeks. After a short isolation, we observed the subjects' behavior in the presence of a pair of objects, one was always the subject's huma...

A key aspect of theory of mind is the ability to reason about other people's desires. As adults, we know that desires and preferences are subjective and specific to the individual. However, research in cognitive development suggests that a significant conceptual shift occurs in desire-based reasoning between 14 and 18 months of age, allowing 18but not 14month-olds to understand that different p...