Magnetic skyrmions are key candidates for applications in memory, logic and neuromorphic computing. An essential property is their topological protection that caused by the swirling spin texture described a robust integer winding number. However, this strictly enforced only continuum, so atomic lattice present all real materials leaves loophole switching Hence, understanding microscopic mechani...

BACKGROUND Most studies on children with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) have been undertaken in tertiary care and little is known about their management in primary care. AIM To describe the characteristics of patients aged 5-19 years with CFS-like illness in primary care and to examine how GPs investigate and manage patients. DESIGN OF STUDY Descriptive retros...

EdPolicyWorks working papers are available for comment and discussion only. They have not been peer-reviewed. Do not cite or quote without author permission. Working paper retrieved from: http://curry.virginia.edu/uploads/resourceLibrary/47_School_Comparisons_in_Observational_Designs.pdf This paper compares the performance of three approaches to selecting school-level comparison units in educat...

A method of data collection is presented that unites the efficiency of mass testing with the ease of instant electronic data collection that is typical of computer-based experiments run on individual participants. A wireless response system (WRS), originally designed as a teaching tool, is used to replicate three classic and robust effects from the memory literature (effects of false memory, le...