Recently, several experiments have indicated that the left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC) are differently involved in emotional processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the left and right PFC in selective attention to angry faces by using a pictorial emotional Stroop task. Slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the left and right PFC o...

Insomnia is one of the most frequently observed sleep disorders, affecting nearly 10% of the general population. It has multiple etiological factors. Recently, it has been reported that EEG abnormalities are associated with insomnia in patients previously diagnosed as idiopathic insomniacs. In addition, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has shown to be effective in the treatment of disord...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of neuromuscular electrical stimulation cycling modified to suit persons with advanced multiple sclerosis. SUBJECTS Eight women with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. METHODS Subjects participated in an 18-session (40 min) neuromuscular electrical stimulation cycling program. A pedaling cadence of 10 rev•min-1 was employed and stimulation int...

The presence, magnitude, and time course of GABA transporter currents were investigated in electrophysiologically characterized neocortical astrocytes in an in vitro slice preparation. On stimulation with a bipolar-tungsten stimulating electrode placed nearby, the majority of cells tested displayed long-lasting GABA transporter currents using both single and repetitive stimulation protocols. Us...

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used widely in various psychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia. There have been some reports of its usefulness in alcohol dependence and substance use disorders. The present paper reviews the studies done using rTMS in substance use disorders including alcohol and nicotine dependence. Various studies done have been rev...

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to improve naming in chronic stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia since 2005. In part 1, we review the rationale for applying slow, 1-Hz, rTMS to the undamaged right hemisphere in chronic nonfluent aphasia patients after a left hemisphere stroke; and we present a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol used with th...

Repetitive contraction of cultured muscle tubes has been controlled in vitro with periodical electrical stimulation. C2C12 (Mouse myoblast cell line) was cultured with High-glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium on a dish to make muscle tubes. Differentiation was induced with horse serum. Repetitive contraction of the tube was generated by electric pulses through electrodes of platinum, and...

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on both an EEG index of cortical excitation and inhibition, event-related desynchronization/ synchronization (ERDIS) and on the P300 component of an auditory oddball-induced ERP. Eight normal participants received 15 minutes of 1Hz...

Current views of sensory adaptation in the rat somatosensory system suggest that it results mainly from short-term synaptic depression. Experimental and theoretical studies predict that increasing the intensity of sensory stimulation, followed by an increase in firing probability at early sensory stages, is expected to attenuate the response at later stages disproportionately more than weaker s...

Background COPD is a progressive inflammatory airway disease characterized by increased numbers of alveolar macrophages in the lungs. Bacterial colonization of the lungs is a common feature in COPD and can promote inflammation through continual and repeated Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. We have studied the response of COPD alveolar macrophages to repetitive stimulation with TLR2 and TLR...