conclusions in comparison with the rate of hbcab positivity reported in other iranian studies, the rate was higher in the present study. there were a few variations, genotypes, and subtypes among the infected injecting drug users. further investigations are needed to unravel the molecular characterization of obi. results sixty-four (28%) participants were hbcab positive, 59 cases were hbcab pos...

host genetic factors play a central role in determining the clinical phenotype of human diseases. association between two polymorphic loci in human genome, human leukocyte antigen (hla) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kirs), and genetically complex infectious disease, particularly those of viral etiology, have been historically elusive. hence, defining the influence of genetic di...

background periapical lesions are induced in response to injuries to periapical tissues, which are generally the result of infections within the root canal. mast cells actively participate to the inflammatory infiltration of periapical granulomas and cysts. objectives the aim of this study was to detect and compare the presence of mast cells in inflammatory periapical lesions, including cysts a...

background: helicobacter pylori is the cause of serious diseases including gastric cancer and gastric mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.50% of world population is infected by this microorganism and it -based on epidemiologic studies - is mainly acquired during childhood . there is not enough evidence about prevalence of this infection in children and its risk factors so encourage us to...

Skin is a unique target for vaccination. Targeting keratinocytes to produce proinflammatory mediators improve immunity rational approach vaccine design. Keratinocytes genetically engineered overexpress the stress response related transcription factor x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) increased production of and co-delivered antigen. Keratinocyte-specific overexpression XBP1 through cutaneous genet...

human visceral and ocular toxocariasis can occasionally be a serious or life-threatening condition, especially for children. the diagnosis and confirmation of the disease mostly based upon serological tests. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate somatic antigen with regard to its application in a routine diagnostic laboratory test. using gel-filtration chromatography, fraction no.1 o...

Background: The advent of recombinant DNA technology has facilitated heterologous expression of proteins from various sources in different host systems including Escherichia coli. If a plant virus coat protein is expressed in the bacterium it can be used as the antigen for antibody preparation. Such a recombinant antigen preparation can be particularly useful where equipment such as ultracentri...

Background: The affinity of an antibody to its antigen is a crucial parameter in its biological activity and performance of an immunoassay such as ELISA. Affinity of most IgG specific MAbs are often determined by methods which require labeling of either antigen or antibody, and are sometimes difficult to control, do not always lead to the expected signal and often result in immunological modifi...

Abstract Atypical B cells are generated during a normal adaptive immune response, yet the role of these in protective immunity is still largely unknown. Here, we used chronic Plasmodium falciparum exposure as model to gain insight into function and potential heterogeneity atypical response infection. To this end, performed single-cell sequencing on circulating from malaria-experienced individua...