The equity premium, namely the expected return on the aggregate stock market less the government bill rate, is of central importance to the portfolio allocation of individuals, to the investment decisions of firms, and to model calibration and testing. This quantity is usually estimated from the sample average excess return. We propose an alternative estimator, based on maximum likelihood, that...

There is an incentive to develop a culture system of mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to serve as models for studying genotoxic effects in humans exposed to mutagens, including ionizing radiation. However, many past approaches have been laborious, complex and only partly reproducible. In the present study, we established an improved culture system of mouse PBLs by removing blood and/or...

Propagation of radio occultation (RO) signals through the lower troposphere results in high phase acceleration and low signal to noise ratio signal. The excess Doppler estimation accuracy in lower troposphere is very important in receiving RO signals which can be estimated by sliding window spectral analysis. To do this, various frequency estimation methods such as MUSIC and ESPRIT can be adopt...

Cytogenetic studies of rat neurogenic tumor lines induced by ethylnitrosourea (ENU) have shown specific involvement of chromosome 4. The study reported here further characterizes the association of chromosome 4 abnormalities in rat tumor cell lines with regard to etiological agent, tissue of origin, and tumorigenic potential of cloned lines. Lines from rat gliomas induced by avian sarcoma virus...

In designing a network to link n points in a square of area n, one might be guided by the following two desiderata. First, the total network length should not be much greater than the length of the shortest network connecting all points. Second, the average route length (taken over source-destination pairs) should not be much greater than the average straight-line distance. How small can we mak...

It is a basic principle of genetics that each chromosome is transmitted from parent to offspring with a probability that is given by Mendel's laws. However, several known biological processes lead to skewed transmission probabilities among surviving offspring and, therefore, to excess genetic sharing among relatives. Examples include in utero selection against deleterious mutations, meiotic dri...

BACKGROUND Although there is abundant evidence that human longevity is heritable, efforts to map loci responsible for variation in human lifespan have had limited success. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified individuals from a large multigenerational population database (the Utah Population Database) who exhibited high levels of both familial longevity and individual longevity. This ...

The purpose was to investigate whether clusters-based on physical activity (PA) and eating habits-can be found among children, and to explore subgroups' characteristics. A total of 1725 10-year olds completed a self-administered questionnaire. K-means cluster analysis was based on the weekly quantity of vigorous and moderate PA, the excess index (weekly consumption of sugar and/or fat) and the ...