1. An in vitro preparation of the locust rectum, consisting of an everted cannulated sac, is described. After the first hour, the rates of ion and water transport, the electropotential difference and tissue volume do not change significantly over the next 4 h, i.e. a steady-state situation is approximated. 2. The activities and properties of these rectal sacs are reasonably similar to those in ...

In the current investigation, the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characterization of a new clofibric acid analog (Compound 1) was evaluated. Compound 1 showed affinity by lipophilic phase in 1 to 5 pH interval, indicating that this compound would be absorbed favorably in duodenum or jejunum. Also, Compound 1 possess two ionic species, first above of pH 4.43 and, the seco...

Kinoshita, Mine, Eisuke Kume, Shigeki Igarashi, Nobuko Saito, and Hiroshi Narita. Role of salivary mucin in the protection of rat esophageal mucosa from acid and pepsin-induced injury. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G796–G800, 1999.—The mucosal defensive mechanisms of the esophagus against acid and pepsin remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the...

  Conflicting results have been reported on segmental differences in expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) along the small intestine of animals and humans. In this study, we investigated P-gp mRNA and protein levels within each of nine segments of rat small intestine. In addition, P-gp activity in each segment was evaluated in terms of permeability of rhodamine123 (Rho123), a typical P-gp substra...

We analyzed the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (mrp2) in the small intestine of control female rats and in rats during late pregnancy (19-20 days of pregnancy) and lactation (2-4, 10-14, and 21 days after delivery). Western blot analysis was performed on brush-border membranes prepared from different regions of the small intestine. Expression of mrp2 was maximal in the ...

To investigate the absorption of recombinant hirudin-2 (rHV2) after oral administration to rats and its possible absorption mechanism, a series of experiments were carried out. The degradation of (125)I-rHV2 in the luminal contents and variant mucosal subcellular fractions, as well as the effect of degradation inhibition of some adjuvant was investigated. The bioavailability of rHV2, with or wi...

The absorption of cyanocobalamin from the gastrointestinal tract requires the mediation of the gastric intrinsic factor (1). Although recent studies suggest that the cobamide coenzymes may be the naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 (2), these coenzymes also require intrinsic factor for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (3, 4). The demonstration by Wilson and Strauss (5) that everte...

In vitro Evaluation of Gluconeogenesis Abstract The liver and kidneys maintain the blood glucose levels in periods of fasting, starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise by gluconeogenesis. The present study was designed to evaluate whether small intestine provides substrates for hepatic gluconeogenesis during fasting in an in-vitro model using rat everted sac technique. Healthy ad...