Residential development in fire-prone wildlands is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Community-based evacuation planning in many areas is an emerging need. In this paper we present a method for using microscopic traffic simulation to develop and test neighborhood evacuation plans in the urban ^wildland interface. The method allows an analyst to map the subneighborhood variation in household e...

The relevance of individual and social human factors in evacuation generally has been accepted, but only few studies aim at determining their specific influence on evacuation behavior. Data come from accident analysis, laboratory experiments, and field studies. A series of studies including passenger counts, passenger interviews and field experiments is reported. Data show that many passengers ...

Simulation study on indoor evacuation has gained tremendous attention in recent years. How to portray the effect of individuals’ uncertain behaviors on the evacuation procedure remains a research challenge. In this study, an agent-based simulation of general indoor evacuation scenarios has been developed. Each individual is modelled as an autonomous agent driven by a weight-based decision-makin...

We describe an emergency evacuation support system (ESS) that employs short-range wireless communications among mobile devices carried by civilians. Emergency information is disseminated via opportunistic contacts between communication nodes (CNs), and each CN provides adaptive step-by-step navigation directions for its user during evacuation. Using mobile devices and opportunistic communicatio...

Most existing emergency evacuation studies assume evacuees to evacuate from their residence locations. However, depending on the time of day, people’s movements are constrained not only by their workplaces, but also the necessity of picking up family members. Family member interactions, a typical activity during an evacuation, can greatly affect the evacuation process. Activity-based modeling h...

By taking the super-long railway tunnel as the object of research, based on setting problems of emergency stations adopted by super-long railway tunnels, from the viewpoint of people's safe evacuation, several aspects were studied, such as the mode of evacuation and rescue by adopting emergency station, the number and interval of the cross passage, and the people's safe evacuation time under di...

Natural crises form a big threat on environment; these crises mean the loss of enterprises and individuals, and therefore losses in the sum total of community development. Management to these crises is required through a crisis management plan to control the crises before, during, and after the event. One of the most needed things to consider during preparing the crisis management plan is prepa...

OBJECTIVE To describe epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure after a hazardous chemical spill in which residents had no warning and only a few hours notice to evacuate. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION Pet-owning households that evacuated from a hazardous chemical spill with (n = 119) or without (122) their pets. Procedures-Evacuees were surveyed by mail. RESULTS ...