This paper discusses the evidence on electricity reform and relates it to the current situation of the South East Europe (SEE) electricity market. We begin by discussing the main elements of the European Union (EU) electricity reform model. Then we go on to discuss emerging good practice in the regulation of national electricity markets in the EU. This is important because it reflects the key r...

Poland has so far avoided austerity policies comparable to those conducted in Southern Europe and some Eastern European EU-member states. The country has been the only EU member state not to have undergone a recession since the outbreak of the financial crisis. The raising of government spending – particularly through increased public investment – has meant that Polish society has been sheltere...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization's Global Code on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel urges Member States to observe fair recruitment practices and ensure equality of treatment of migrant and domestically-trained health personnel. However, international medical graduates (IMGs) have experienced difficulties in accessing postgraduate training and in progressing their career...

The right to compensation in EU law – principles of effectiveness and equivalence [1].

In response to wide-ranging criticism of agricultural policy, especially within Western industrialized countries, new frameworks of justification are emerging and new hybrid policy fields have been established to tackle some of the ‘externalities’ of agricultural support. However, institutional frameworks are proving slower to change, partly because this would require coordinated action across ...

The bioequivalence problem is of practical importance because the approval of most generic drugs in the United States and the European Community (EC) requires the establishment of bioequivalence between the brand-name drug and the proposed generic version. The problem is theoretically interesting because it has been recognized as one for which the desired inference, instead of the usual signifi...

To optimize use of antimicrobial agents in human and animal, as recommended by the WHO Global Action Plan [3], countries need to develop a sustainable system which monitors their consumption and disseminate the information for policy decision. For example, France had a high human antibiotic use in the EU, and implemented a national campaign which resulted in a significant reduction in consumpti...

Two years ago, at the ECRD in Krakow, we were celebrating the recommendation of the Council of Ministers on an action in the field of rare diseases: this recommendation requests that Member States define and implement a plan or a strategy for rare diseases by the end of 2013 and asks the European Commission to establish a EU Committee of Experts in the field of Rare Diseases (EUCERD) as a forum...

This article provides a fact sheet of the European Union (EU) agri-environmental indicator soil erosion. It consists of an overview of recent data, complemented by all information on definitions, measurement methods and context needed to interpret them correctly. The soil erosion article is part of a set of similar fact sheets providing a complete picture of the state of the agri-environmental ...