Définition 1.1. Soit A un ensemble. Une loi interne sur A est une fonction de A×A dans A. Exemple 1.1. La fonction vide est une loi interne sur l’ensemble vide. Exemple 1.2. La fonction qui à la paire (1, 1) associe 1 est une loi interne sur le singleton {1}. Exemple 1.3. L’addition + et le produit · sont des lois internes pour N, Z, Q, ou R. Exemple 1.4. La soustraction − est une loi interne p...

Among different classes of molecular markers, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are a new resource for developing simple sequence repeat (SSR) functional markers for genotyping and genetic mapping in F1 hybrid populations of Vitis vinifera L. Recently, because of the availability of an enormous amount of data for ESTs in the public domain, the emphasis has shifted from genomic SSRs to EST-SSRs, wh...

Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) is a procedure which makes major duodenal papilla orifice widen larger than stone using 12to 20-mm diameter of dilation balloon catheter to facilitate stone retrieval in treatment of large common bile duct (CBD) stone 1 cm or more. Theoretically this procedure could remove the large stone effectively without needs of endoscopic mechanical lith...

Although anopheline mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria, their genetic makeup has not yet been extensively investigated. The present studies concentrate on the genetic basis of esterases in Anopheles albinomanus. Nine zones of esterase activity activity have been resolved by gel electrophoresis. Four of these esterases: EST-2, EST-4, EST-6, and EST-8 are present throughout all developme...

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are widely used in gene survey research these years. The EST Pipeline System, software developed by Hangzhou Genomics Institute (HGI), can automatically analyze different scalar EST sequences by suitable methods. All the analysis reports, including those of vector masking, sequence assembly, gene annotation, Gene Ontology classification, and some other analyses, c...

Résumé Le déficit congénital en facteur V est une anomalie rare de la coagulation, initialement décrite par Owren en 1947 et connue sous le nom de para hémophilie. Elle est transmise selon un mode autosomique récessif. En générale elle est symptomatique à l'état homozygote. Le facteur V est un cofacteur essentiel dans la conversion de la prothrombine en thrombine par le facteur X activé. En l'a...

Producing spliced EST sequences is a fundamental task in the computational problem of reconstructing splice and transcript variants, a crucial step in the alternative splicing investigation. Now, given an EST sequence, there can be several spliced EST sequences associated to it, since the original EST sequences may have different alignments against wide genomic regions. In this paper we address...