With great interest, I read the impressive new findings by Hanudel et al. recently published in Kidney International showing that erythroferrone-mediated suppression of hepcidin is not essential for beneficial effects vadadustat, as hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), on anemia chronic kidney disease.1 In discussion section, authors meticulously listed several alter...

The predisposition of black people to salt (NaCl)-sensitive essential hypertension may relate to racial differences in cellular Na+ metabolism. This tenet was investigated by examining the Na(+)-H+ antiport in serially passed skin fibroblasts from blacks and whites. Na(+)-dependent stimulation of the Na(+)-H+ antiport by cellular acidification resulted in a greater maximal velocity (Vmax) (mean...

Previously the authors characterized the 3-connected graphs with a Hamilton path containing only two contractible edges. In this paper we extend this result by showing that if a 3-connected graph has a diameter containing only two contractible edges, then that diameter is a Hamilton path. INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY All graphs in this paper are finite, undirected and simple. Let G be a 3-conne...

A dilatation structure on a metric space, is a notion in between a group and a differential structure. The basic objects of a dilatation structure are dilatations (or contractions). The axioms of a dilatation structure set the rules of interaction between different dilatations. There are two notions of linearity associated to dilatation structures: the linearity of a function between two dilata...

Many quality dimensions are hard to contract upon and are at risk of degradation when the service is procured rather than produced in-house. On the other hand, procurement may foster performance-improving innovation. We assemble a large data set on elderly care services in Sweden for the 1990-2009 period, including survival rates, our measure of non-contractible quality, and indicators of subje...

By use of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage cloning vehicle phi 105J23, B. subtilis chromosomal MboI fragments have been cloned that alleviate the pleiotropic effects of the recE4 mutation. The recombinant bacteriophages phi 105Rec phi 1 (3.85-kilobase insert) and phi 105Rec phi 4 (3.3-kilobase insert) both conferred on the recE4 strain YB1015 resistance to ethylmethane sulfonate, methylmetha...

Open forms of global constraints allow the addition of new variables to an argument during the execution of a constraint program. Such forms are needed for difficult constraint programming problems where problem construction and problem solving are interleaved. However, in general, filtering that is sound for a global constraint can be unsound when the constraint is open. This paper provides a ...

We survey the Carathéodory extremal problem Car δ on symmetrized bidisc $$G\,\,\mathop = \limits^{{\rm{def}}} \,\,\left\{ {\left( {z + w,zw} \right):\left| z \right| < 1,\,\,\,\left| w 1} \right\} \left\{ {s,p} \right) \in {\mathbb{C}^2}:\left| {s - \bar sp} 1 {{\left| p \right|}^2}} \right\}.$$ also give some new results this topic. are particularly interested in cases of which solution is not...

We explore an alternative definition of unit in a monoidal category originally due to Saavedra: a Saavedra unit is a cancellative idempotent (in a 1-categorical sense). This notion is more economical than the usual notion in terms of left-right constraints, and is motivated by higher category theory. To start, we describe the semi-monoidal category of all possible unit structures on a given sem...

Methods of digital topology are widely used in various image processing operations including topology-preserving thinning, skeletonization, simplification, border and surface tracing and region filling and growing. Usually, transformations of digital objects preserve topological properties. One of the ways to do this is to use simple points, edges and cliques: loosely speaking, a point or an ed...