e-Learning has some restrictions on how learning performance is assessed. Online testing is usually in the form of multiple-choice questions, without any essay type of learning assessment. Major reasons for employing multiple-choice tasks in e-learning include ease of implementation and ease of managing learner's responses. To address this limitation in online assessment of learning, this study...

    This study investigated the effects of different learning levels, including Remember an Instance (RI), Remember a Generality (RG), and Use a Generality (UG) in multiple-choice and essay tests on immediate and delayed retention. Three-hundred pre-intermediate students participated in the study. Reading passages with multiple-choice and essay questions in different levels of learning were giv...

This book discusses the state of art automated essay scoring, its challenges and potential. One earliest applications artificial intelligence to language data (along with machine translation speech recognition), scoring has evolved become both a revenue-generating industry vast field research, many subfields connections other NLP tasks. In this book, we review developments in against backdrop E...