2 Muslims are currently the largest religious minority in Western Europe. This presence of Islam in Europe is a direct consequence of the existence of pathways of immigration (that opened up in the early 1960s) leading from the Western States' former colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. Following the official end of work-based immigration in 1974, the integration of such immigrant popul...

Adaptation of a component-based system can be achieved in the coordination modelling language Paradigm through the special component McPal. McPal regulates the propagation of new behaviour and guides the changes in the components and in their coordination. Here we show how McPal may delegate part of its control to local adaptation managers, created on-the-fly, allowing for distribution of the a...

Article New Labour’s Policies to Influence and Challenge Islam in Contemporary Britain: A Case Study on the National Muslim Women’s Advisory Group’s Theology Project Author Chris Allen Department of Social Policy, Sociology & Criminology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK [email protected] Abstract The creation of the National Muslims Women’s Advisory Group (NMWAG) in 2008 by ...

If indigenous people are to have the legal right to hunt a particular species that other citizens are denied, then it presents a significant challenge to philosophers to explore the moral grounds that justify the special right, especially in respect to the issues of normative weight and fairness. This exploration is the subject of the current paper.

One of the many disastrous consequences of the tragic events of 9/11 is the war waged by the neocolonialists in order to “liberate” Muslim women. This gender-based war stands on a series of pillars, such as the presumption that Western civilization offers women a great deal of privileges, while Muslim culture gives none. Therefore, it would be logical to suppose that, because of the many opport...

Solving today's problems and preparing for future uncertainties requires creativity. Creativity has been placed as one of the main axes educational reforms in many advanced systems world. The current research, which is a fundamental type descriptive-analytical method, seeks to explain solid philosophical foundations multifaceted theory creativity presented by author this article based on Mulla ...

BACKGROUND Multiple demographic, genetic, and environmental factors differ between Muslim and Jewish infants in Israel. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether, after adjustment for perinatal factors associated with mortality, excess mortality occurs in very low birthweight (VLBW) Muslim compared with Jewish infants. DESIGN The Israel National VLBW infant database includes data on 99% of all VLBW bir...

The purpose of this manuscript is to present a reliable estimate in form of tables of the Muslim population and its percentage in each country in the Americas. This data is summarized to be a reference for other studies and discussions related to Muslim population. The data show that Muslim population in the Americas, both in size and in percentage, remains very low. Accordingly, there are less...

This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through the theory of institutional path dependency. Islamic countries are generally not free and they have a poor record regarding property rights. To explain these realities we use the institutional history of Muslim countries. We define three steps: the Arab and Ottoman Empires when Islamic law was of great importance, E...

We construct a unique geocoded dataset on temples, dynasties and battles in medieval India and propose a test to identify the motive for observed temple desecrations in that period. We test two competing historical narratives of temple desecrations. The first focuses on the idea of iconoclasm, i.e. destruction of religious sites and imagery deemed heretical, as embedded in Islamic theology. The...