A new probabilistic network construction system, DYNASTY, is proposed for diagnos­ tic reasoning given variables whose probabil­ ities change over time. Diagnostic reason­ ing is formulated as a sequential stochastic process, and is modeled using influence dia­ grams. Given a set 0 of observations, DY­ NASTY creates an influence diagram in or­ der to devise the best action given 0. Sensi­ tivit...

We have identified a Y-chromosomal lineage that is unusually frequent in northeastern China and Mongolia, in which a haplotype cluster defined by 15 Y short tandem repeats was carried by approximately 3.3% of the males sampled from East Asia. The most recent common ancestor of this lineage lived 590 +/- 340 years ago (mean +/- SD), and it was detected in Mongolians and six Chinese minority popu...

Due to the less accessibility to the data, relatively little literature has been found on how the ancient kiln site evolves. To understand how land has transformed kiln in ancient Jingdezhen DongHe River Basin from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, we create virtual maps of ancient study area and present such concepts that unambiguously realize a combination model. In this model, Model para...

Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a well-known method for elemental analysis in many different specimens for various applied studies. In this paper, we report an application of PIXE analysis for a series of ancient Chinese coins from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty (AD 618-1679). Ninety-six PIXE spectra were obtained from forty-eight samples of the ancient coins with the use of a Ge(...

Blackening was observed on the surfaces of Mesopotamian clay tablets from Umma, Dilbat, Larsa, Ur, Babylon, Uruk, Sippar, and Nippur produced between the Third Dynasty of Ur and the Early Achaemenid Dynasty. Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that manganese was concentrated on the blackened surfaces. Rod-shaped materials with a length of 100 200 nm and a width of 30 nm were observed ...

Many linguists consider morphological awareness a major factor that affects children’s reading development. A Chinese character embedded in different compound words may carry related but different meanings. For example, “商 店(store)”, “商品(commodity)”, “商代(Shang Dynasty)”, and “商朝(Shang Dynasty)” can form two clusters: {“商店”, “商 品”} and {“商代”, “商朝”}. In this paper, we aim at unsupervised clusteri...

Although acupuncture theory is a fundamental part of the Huangdi Neijing, the clinical application of the needle therapy in ancient China was always a limited one. From early times there have been warnings that acupuncture might do harm. In books like Zhang Zhongjing's Shanghanlun it plays only a marginal role. Among the 400 emperors in Chinese history, acupuncture was hardly ever applied. Afte...