Diagnostics for normal errors in regression currently utilize ordinary residuals, despite the failure of assumptions validating their use. Case studies here show that such misuse may be critical even in samples of size exceeding currently accepted guidelines. A remedy is to employ recovered errors having the required properties.

TOEFL iBT has turned recently heads to the impacts language tests can have on language learning. Since error analysis-based instruction has gained a new life with the advent of the computer analysis of the learner’s language, the researchers of this study embarked on examining a sample of integrated and independent writing tasks of 45 Iranian TOEFL iBT candidates in order to identify and classi...

The first edition of these notes was written by Professor Dyson. The second edition was prepared by Michael J. Moravcsik; he is responsible for the changes made in the process of re-editing. A * : complex conjugate transposed (Hermitian conjugate) A + : complex conjugate (not transposed) A : A * β = A * γ 4 = adjoint A −1 = inverse A T = transposed I = identity matrix or operator i

Correct prescription writing habits could have a great influence on the fate of drug therapy as well as the health of patients. One of the major types of errors in prescriptions is the "errors of commission". In this study attempts were made to examine 519 prescriptions of the internal ward of Ayatollah Taleghani teaching hospital over a period of 3 months in terms of the nature and extent of t...

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations Secretariat.

The linear measurement error model is an alternative to the classical regression model, in which we assume that the independent variables are subject to error. This assumption can cause statistical inferences and parameter estimators to di er dramatically from those obtained from the classical regression model. However, inferences may remain unchanged even though the independent variables are a...