AIMS To describe the demographics of the paediatric RRT population under the age of 16 years in the UK and to analyse changes in demography with time. METHODS Data were collected from all 13 paediatric renal centres within the UK. A series of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to describe the demographics of prevalent paediatric RRT patients. RESULTS A total of 870 chi...

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and magnetic fields (ERFs) were used to compare brain activity associated with selective attention to sound location or pitch in humans. Sixteen healthy adults participated in the ERP experiment, and 11 adults in the ERF experiment. In different conditions, the participants focused their attention on a designated sound location or pitch, or pictures present...

Ethylene response factors (ERF) are members of the APETALA2/ERF transcription factor family, and they play an important role in plant growth, development, to various environmental stresses. In this study, ERF HcERF4 was isolated characterized from kenaf. The results showed contained open reading frame 702 bp, which comprised single AP2 domain. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that gen...

Force-feedback mechanisms have been designed to simplify and enhance the human-vehicle interface. The increase in secondary controls within vehicle cockpits has created a desire for a simpler, more efficient humanvehicle interface. By consolidating various controls into a single, haptic feedback control device, information can be transmitted to the operator, without requiring the driver’s visua...

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has been asked by the European Commission to assess the carcinogenicity study performed by the European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences (ERF) on the artificial sweetener aspartame, which was reported in publications in 2005 and 2006. The ERF considered that the results of their study indicate that aspartame is a ‘multipotenti...

Unlike the well-characterized checkpoints of the cell cycle, which establish commitment to cell division, signaling pathways and gene expression programs that commit cells to migration are incompletely understood. Apparently, several molecular switches are activated in response to an extracellular cue, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF), and they simultaneously confer distinct features o...

In this paper, the computation of erf(x) in arbitrary precision is detailed. A feature of our implementation is correct rounding: the returned result is the exact result (as if it were computed with infinite precision) rounded according to the specified rounding mode. The four rounding modes given in the IEEE-754 standard for floating-point arithmetic are provided. The algorithm that computes t...

The paper proposes and develops a novel smart ER microactuator with inherent position feedback mechanism. The microactuator consists of a pair of movable and fixed parallel plate electrodes with variable gap length and an upstream restrictor, and ERF (electro-rheological fluid) is supplied as a working fluid. By applying voltage to the electrodes, with the increased pressure drop due to ERF vis...

Force-feedback mechanisms have been designed to simplify and enhance the humanvehicle interface. The increase in secondary controls within vehicle cockpits has created a desire for a simpler, more efficient human-vehicle interface. By consolidating various controls into a single, haptic feedback control device, information can be transmitted to the operator, without requiring the driver’s visua...

The formation of mnemonic associations can occur between items processed in temporal proximity. It has been proposed that such intertemporal associations are not unitizable, and may therefore be retrieved only via recollective processes. To examine this claim, we conducted a magnetoencephalograph study of recognition memory for items encoded and retrieved sequentially. Participants studied succ...