This paper proposes a new type of growth rate, called the “poverty equivalent growth rate” (PEGR), which takes into account both the growth rate in mean income and how the benefits of growth are distributed between the poor and the non-poor. The proposed measure satisfies a basic requirement that the proportional reduction in poverty is a monotonically increasing function of the PEGR. Thus, max...

Evidence suggests that binding, or encoding a feature with respect to other features in time and space, can convey cognitive advantages. However, evidence across many kinds of stimuli and paradigms presents a mixed picture, alternatively showing cognitive costs or cognitive advantages associated with maintaining bound representations. We examined memory for colored letters drawn from similar an...

Let (X, d) be a metric space and m ∈ X. Suppose that φ : X×X → R is a nonnegative symmetric function. We define a metric d on X which is equivalent to d. If d is totally bounded, its completion is a compactification of (X, d). As examples, we construct two compactifications of (R, dE), where dE is the Euclidean metric and s ≥ 2. key words. equivalent metric; completion; compactification Mathema...

specialist microfinance institutions (MFIs). The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) has traditionally pursued an active "developmental" role in the microfinance sector, although this has been changing. It should further reduce its developmental activities by diluting its ownership of regional development banks and taking a less hands-on role in project implementation. Conversely, it would be appr...

Alan Turing’s fundamental inquiry asking “Can Machines think?” has given rise to a wide variety of contrasting approaches to building intelligent machines. Thinking requires that a computer must know what it processes and form conscious about meaningful concepts based on which subjective mental activities (e.g. seeing, knowing, learning, judging, evaluating, deciding, reasoning, etc.) can be ca...

This paper presents a weakness in the key schedule of the AES candidate HPC (Hasty Pudding Cipher). It is shown that for the HPC version with a 128-bit key, 1 in 256 keys is weak in the sense that it has 2 equivalent keys. An efficient algorithm is proposed to construct these weak keys and the corresponding equivalent keys. If a weak key is used, it can be recovered by exhaustive search trying ...

A knot (or link) diagram is said to be everywhere equivalent if all the diagrams obtained by switching one crossing represent the same knot (or link). We classify such diagrams of a closed 3-braid.

Profit maximization is an important issue to the firms that pursue the largest economic profit possible. In this paper, we consider the profit-maximization problem with the known CobbDouglas production function. Its equivalent geometric programming form is given. Then due to the presence of uncertainties in real world modeling, we have assumed interval uncertainties on the model parameters. The...

Rings form a bicategory [Rings], with classes of bimodules as horizontal arrows, and bimodule maps as vertical arrows. The notion of Morita equivalence for rings can be translated in terms of bicategories in the following way. Two rings are Morita equivalent if and only if they are isomorphic objects in the bicategory. We repeat this construction for von Neumann algebras. Von Neumann algebras f...

It was shown in [LV] that there are no PL-bundles of the form CPh ↪→ CPh → S where CPh denotes a PL-manifold homotopy equivalent to CP. It was stated at the end of [LV] that the homotopy analog of a) does not exist. In [U], Ucci showed that there exists no Hurewicz fibration of the form CP ↪→ CP → S. However, as stated, this was not the strongest possible result. Let HCP, HCaP and S h denote sp...