This paper explores the hypothesis that high volatility of real and nominal exchange rates may be due to the fact that local currency pricing eliminates the pass-through from changes in exchange rates to consumer prices. Exchange rates may be highly volatile because in a sense they have little effect on macroeconomic variables. The paper shows the ingredients necessary to construct such an expl...

The paper investigates the role of real exchange rate misalignment on long-run growth for a set of ninety countries using time series data from 1980 to 2004. We first estimate a panel data model (using fixed and random effects) for the real exchange rate, with different model specification, in order to produce estimates of the equilibrium real exchange rate and this is then used to construct ou...

Accumulation of Cl(-) by excised barley roots, as of K(+), approaches a maximum level at which the ion influx and efflux rates become equal. The rate of Cl(-) influx at this equilibrium is close to the initial rate while the efflux rate increases with time from zero to equality with influx. The Cl(-) fluxes are independent of simultaneous exchange flux of the cations, but depend on the nature a...

This paper employs an unobserved component model that incorporates a set of economic fundamentals to obtain the Euro-Dollar permanent equilibrium exchange rates (PEER) for the period 1975Q1 to 2008Q4. The results show that for most of the sample period, the Euro-Dollar exchange rate closely followed the values implied by the PEER. The only significant deviations from the PEER occurred in the ye...

The mechanism of melibiose symport by the melibiose permease of Escherichia coli was investigated by further analyzing the Na+ (H+ or Li+)-coupled facilitated diffusion reactions catalyzed by the carrier in de-energized membrane vesicles, with particular emphasis on the reaction of sugar exchange at equilibrium. It is first shown that melibiose exchange at equilibrium proceeds without concomita...

â â â  â â â â â  the main purpose of present study is to analyze the relationship between stock and exchange markets in two asian countries, iran and south korea. a monthly time series of stock price and exchange rate are used over the period 2002: 05 - 2012: 03. the data is collected from the central bank of each country and wdi. the calculated stock return and real exchange rate change are u...

this paper attempts to compare the forecasting performance of the arima model and hybrid arma-garch models by using daily data of the iran’s exchange rate against the u.s. dollar (irr/usd) for the period of 20 march 2014 to 20 june 2015. the period of 20 march 2014 to 19 april 2015 was used to build the model while remaining data were used to do out of sample forecasting and check the forecasti...

We investigate the link between real exchange rates and sectoral total factor productivity measures for countries in the Eurozone. Real exchange rate patterns closely accord with an amended Balassa-Samuelson interpretation, both in cross-section and time series. We construct a sticky price dynamic general equilibrium model to generate a crosssection and time series of real exchange rates that c...

This paper studies the effect of government deficits on equilibrium real exchange rates and stock prices. The theoretical part modifies a two-country cash-in-advance model like used in Lucas(1982) and Sargent(1987) in order to accommodate an exchange rate market and a government that pursues fiscal and monetary policy targets. The implied result is that unanticipated shocks in government defici...