Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is reemerging in Peru. VEE virus subtype ID in Peru has not been previously associated with severe disease manifestations. In 2006, VEE virus subtype ID was isolated from a boy with severe febrile disease and gastrointestinal bleeding; the strain contained 2 mutations within the PE2 region.

In this paper, we have introduced the concept of fuzzy ordered AG-groupoids which is the generalization of fuzzy ordered semigroups first considered by Kehayopulu and Tsingelis (2002). We have studied some important features of a left regular ordered AG-groupoid in terms of fuzzy left ideals, fuzzy right ideals, fuzzy two-sided ideals, fuzzy generalized bi-ideals, fuzzy bi-ideals, fuzzy interio...

One of the most important questions in arbovirology concerns the origin of epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses; these viruses caused periodic, extensive epidemics/epizootics in the Americas from 1938-1973 (reaching the United States in 1971) but had recently been presumed extinct. We have documented the 1992 emergence of a new epidemic/epizootic VEE virus in Venezuela. Phyloge...

An epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the rapid differentiation of serologic responses to enzootic variety IE and ID versus epizootic variety IAB and IC strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Two monoclonal antibodies that differentially recognize epizootic versus enzootic VEE virus epitopes were used to measure the serotype-specific blocking ab...

In this paper ,we fuzzify the new class of algebraic structure introduced by Kim[5].In this fuzzification(called fuzzy KS-semigroups),we introduce the notions of fuzzy sub KS-semigroups,fuzzy KS-ideal,fuzzy KS-p-ideal and investigate some of their related properties.The purpose of this study is to implement the fuzzy set theory and ideal theory in the KS-semigroups.This fuzzification leads to d...

Qualitative thematic maps are graphic representations of the process of areal differentiation, a process recognized as one of the hallmarks of the geographer’s craft and one of geography’s grand traditions. Traditionally the process can best be described as classification based on Boolean Set Theory wherein the area bounded by the cartographic line is considered to be in that class for the targ...

We characterize a fuzzy lattice through a fuzzy partial order relation, define ideals and filters of fuzzy lattices, characterize an ideal of fuzzy lattice using its level set and its support and show that a subset of a fuzzy lattice is an ideal if and only if its support is an ideal. Similarly, we show the same for its level set. Lastly, we define some kinds of ideals and filters of fuzzy latt...

In this paper, a new approach is prposed for ordering fuzzy numbers based on bi-symmetrical weighted distance. The proposed method considers the bi-symmetrical weighted function and the bisymmetrical weighted distance of fuzzy numbers to rank fuzzy numbers. Some examples to compare the advantage of this approch with the existing metric index ranking methods is illustrated. The process to rank t...