Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family—epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, HER1), HER2, HER3, and HER4—are transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors that are important mediators of cell growth, development, and survival. Activation of the HER tyrosine kinases triggers intracellular signaling pathways, including the MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways (Olayioye et al., 2000)...

A monoclonal antibody of IgG2a isotype (425) is described that reacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor on human cells of different tissue origins. Monoclonal antibody 425 mediates tumor cytotoxicity in vitro using mouse and human effector cells and suppresses in vivo tumor cell growth of epidermoid (A 431) and colorectal (SW 948) carcinoma-derived cell lines. The tumoricidal effects in...

Major interest surrounds how angiotensin II triggers cardiac hypertrophy via epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. G protein-mediated transduction, angiotensin type 1 receptor phosphorylation at tyrosine 319, and β-arrestin-dependent scaffolding have been suggested, yet the mechanism remains controversial. We examined these pathways in the most reductionist model of cardiomyocyte gr...

Abbreviations: PI3K-Akt: Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase and Protein Kinase B; Rac1: Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1; LN332: Laminin 332; EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor; EGF-R: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; IGF1&IGF-II: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1&2; Gtpase: Guanosine 5’-Triphosphate Hydrolase Enzyme; IRS-1, IRS-2: Insulin Receptor Substrate 1&2; ERK: Extracellular Receptor Kinase; ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that propagate inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium. This state of chronic inflammation increases the risk for development of colitis-associated cancer in IBD patients. Thus, the development of targeted therapeutics that can disrupt the cycle of in...

The type II alpha isoform of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase has recently been shown to function in the recruitment of adaptor protein-1 complexes to the trans-Golgi network. Here we show that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIalpha is also a component of highly dynamic membranes of the endosomal system where it colocalises with protein markers of the late endosome and with endocytosed epidermal gr...

Background: The tumor immune microenvironment influences evolution in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, the prognostic value of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC remains controversial. Additionally, studies Filipinos with EGFR-mutant remain unexplored to this day.

Abbreviations: PI3K-Akt: Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase and Protein Kinase B; Rac1: Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1; LN332: Laminin 332; EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor; EGF-R: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; IGF1&IGF-II: Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1&2; Gtpase: Guanosine 5’-Triphosphate Hydrolase Enzyme; IRS-1, IRS-2: Insulin Receptor Substrate 1&2; ERK: Extracellular Receptor Kinase; ...

The development of pancreatic fibrosis has been shown to be a major component in several diseases of the pancreas including pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its actual role in the progression of these disorders is still unknown. This fibrosis is characterized by stromal expansion and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that replaces p...