The significance and role of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) toward environmental planning and management of the potential impacts made to the environment, necessitates a comparison of the EIA procedure in Iran with that in other countries around the world. To this end, 10 countries and regions comprising developed countries (Canada, Finland, New Zealand and Belgium), developing countries...

urban effete textures are multiple problems at conspectus skeletal, environmental, social and economic that encounter life of inhabitants with problem in this texture. according to the research, almost 90% of population in country exposed hazard of occurrence earthquake. in this face, by reason of problems, effete textures are over damage if the earthquake happened. nonetheless, to make provisi...

A major problem in insect pest and weed management is uncertainty. Managers are faced with three main types of uncertainty: uncertainty about biological and environmental processes, and observational uncertainty. Active adaptive management (AAM) is management with a deliberate plan for learning about the managed system, so that management can be improved in the face of uncertainty. We discuss t...

A meaningful economic literature examines businesses’ environmental management efforts expended during the economic-political transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Over a similar time frame as this transition, many firms in developed countries were integrating environmental components into their business strategies and finding this integration profitable. A growi...

Ecological environment is the material base of the development of ecotourism. The ecotourism cannot develop well without high quality ecotourism environment. The goal of ecotourism development is to protect ecological environment, which is also the essential characteristic of ecotourism different from other kind of tourism. This paper tries to discuss the community participation in environmenta...

Management of natural ecosystems, like forests, has several objectives such as wood production, sustainability of ecological systems, preserving aestheti,c and cultural or psychological satisfaction. This management is especially essential in dry regions with sensitive biodiversity, like Iran. The aim of this research is to elaborate a management scheme for developing a sustainable tourism plan...

A wide variety of environmental management problems are solved with a computationally intensive simulation-optimization framework. In this study, the “model pre-emption” strategy is introduced for increasing the efficiency of solving such multi-objective optimization problems. This strategy makes the optimization algorithm avoid the full evaluation of predictably inferior solutions, is applicab...