Free testosterone was measured in the saliva of 89 male prison inmates. Inmates with higher testosterone concentrations had more often been convicted of violent crimes. The relationship was most striking at the extremes of the testosterone distribution, where 9 out of 11 inmates with the lowest testosterone concentrations had committed nonviolent crimes, and 10 out of 11 inmates with the highes...

as a rule, crimes are unforgivable. there fore, forgiveness has virtually no effect on criminal liability. it can only lead to a reduction in punishment . for crimes that are unforgivable, forgiveness can become perplexing and confuse legal authorities. the present paper attempts to discuss the complex dimensions of this issue including forgivable and unforgivable crimes, the court's respo...

For the last several years, reported violent crime has been decreasing across the United States. New York City has been notable concerning this trend. Since 1991, while the number of violent crimes reported within the City has decreased significantly, violent crimes involving firearms, especially handguns, have decreased by an even greater percentage. But why? Some point to the New York City Po...

Using a self-report survey methodology in a cross-sectional consecutive primary care sample (N = 238), we examined pain at 3 time points (today, past month, past year), pain catastrophizing using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and history of legal charges for 5 drug-related crimes as defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Among the subsample of 185 participants with histories of being...

Since American legislatures began passing bias crime statutes (which set more severe penalties for crimes committed from biased motives) in the 1980s, many legal philosophers have argued that such statutes are unjust on the grounds that they punish character traits and feelings rather than actions and intentions. It is unjust to punish character traits and feelings, these authors have supposed,...

Our goal is to automatically detect patterns of crime. Among a large set of crimes that happen every year in a major city, it is challenging, time-consuming, and labor-intensive for crime analysts to determine which ones may have been committed by the same individual(s). If automated, data-driven tools for crime pattern detection are made available to assist analysts, these tools could help pol...

Criminal investigations generate large volumes of complex data that detectives have to analyse and understand. This data tends to be "siloed" within individual jurisdictions and reusing it in other investigations can be difficult. Investigations into trans-national crimes are hampered by the problem of discovering relevant data held by agencies in other countries and of sharing those data. Gun-...