This review was presented to suggest if viruses could be used as fecal indicators for drinking water and treated sewage pollution. The failure of bacterial in a lot cases indicate viral pollution indicates that may fail express sewage. We explain this statement viruses, especially enteric are generally secreted the feces infected or carrier persons. Thus, it always expresses contamination conse...

Plants show rapid adaptation towards resistance against heavy metals. In contrast, tests examining the local adaptation of insect herbivores to heavy metal pollution are lacking. Here we test whether the autumnal moth Epirrita autumnata, living in a heavy metal contaminated area, shows local adaptation in the growth rate and immune function. We gathered male moths from control and polluted area...

Estuaries are well known for their potential in removing metal from fresh water to provide micro-nutrients to aquatic life. In the present investigation, we have tried to bring out the metal removal potential of estuaries during accidental spills. For this purpose artificial river water containing high concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb were mixed with sea water at different salinity regime...

Objective: Zayandehrood habitat has economical and environmental importance in central plateau of Iran    and it performs a vital role for habitants, agriculture section and the industries which are located along river bed. So current research  has been done to measure the contamination of heavy metals, its changes along the river route and defining the important and effective regions on this c...

Objective: Zayandehrood habitat has economical and environmental importance in central plateau of Iran    and it performs a vital role for habitants, agriculture section and the industries which are located along river bed. So current research  has been done to measure the contamination of heavy metals, its changes along the river route and defining the important and effective regions on this c...

Pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land and water that will waste or deteriorate our raw material resources. Modern technological innovations have increased pollution levels above the self cleaning capacities of the environment. In recent times, one of the major issues is the threat to human life from the progressive deterioration ...

As more manufacturing is moved to the developing countries, policy makers become concerned with the environmental consequence. Relatively lenient environmental policies in the developing countries may give them a comparative advantage in pollution intensive goods, and openness to trade and foreign direct investment might harm the host country’s environment. This study examines the relationship ...

The role of plants in developing a healthy atmosphere is very desirable in the context of deteriorating environment resulting from increased urbanization, industrialization and improper environmental management. This investigation has attempted to screen plants for their ability to improve the design and development of healthy environment. It is necessary that plants used must be tolerant to ai...