Introduction Given the fact that children are more sensitive to radiation, compared to adults, special attention needs to be paid to radiation protection in pediatric radiology. Diagnostic reference level (DRL) has been defined to be employed as a practical tool for examining the overall performance of a radiological center in terms of patient dose among a series of similar equipments in an are...

OBJECTIVE A wide mucosal defect after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal cancer is associated with increased risk of stricture. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of short-period, high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone administration (steroid pulse therapy) in preventing post-ESD esophageal stricture. METHODS This prospective study examined 13 lesions in...

Accuracy in the delivered dose to the patients plays an important and vital role in radiotherapy treatments. This happens because of steep gradient of dose-local control and dose-normal tissue complication probability curves. Dosimetric uncertainty of 3%-4% (one standard deviation) in the delivered dose to the target volume as an acceptable level has been recommended(1-3). In many centers, in v...

BACKGROUND/AIMS For proper sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), propofol has been widely used. This study aimed to compare the levels of sedation and tolerance of patients treated with midazolam (M group) and a combination of midazolam and propofol (MP group) during ESD. METHODS A total of 44 consecutive patients undergoing ESD were randomly assigned to the two groups. In t...

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a well-established, minimally invasive treatment for superficial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The universal adoption of ESD has been limited by its slow learning curve, long procedure times, and high risk of complications. One technical challenge is the lack of a second hand that can provide traction, as in conventional surgery. Reliable tis...

Introduction: Medical uses of radiation have grown very rapidly over in the past two decades, medical uses represent the largest source of exposure to people, The most important methods in medical diagnosis are the useses of diagnostic radiology exams. Although the use of these methods is very beneficial for the treatment of patients, but ionizing radiation produces ion pairs, ...

introduction: during radiotherapy, high accuracy in the dose delivery is required because there is a strong  relationship between the absorbed dose, local tumor control and particularly the normal tissue damage. in  many institutions, in vivo dosimetry using diodes is performed to check the actual dose delivered. in general,  the uncertainty in the dose delivered should fall within  ± 5% of the...