conclusions results of the present study showed that the tst and sea genes had high frequencies among the mrsa isolates. the increased prevalence of mrsa isolates containing different virulence genes, probably accompanied by antimicrobial resistance, can complicate the therapy of mrsa isolates. results all the tested isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, but resistant to penicillin (100%), e...

A cDNA encoding the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptor gene (CPE-R) was cloned from an expression library of enterotoxin-sensitive Vero cells. The nucleotide sequence of CPE-R showed that the enterotoxin receptor consists of 209 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 22,029 D. This receptor is highly hydrophobic, contains four putative transmembrane segments, and has signific...

background rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. in this regard, the role of bacterial superantigens (as an effective agent) were considered. objectives this study aimed to assess staphylococcal enterotoxin e in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. patients and methods a total of 83 blood samples of patients with ra were studi...

By using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was successfully demonstrated in fecal samples collected within 1 day of attack from sick individuals involved in a bacteriologically and epidemiologically proven outbreak of C. perfringens food poisoning. In contrast, enterotoxin was not demonstrable in fecal samples of apparently healthy individuals both at high...

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is well known as a superantigen and able to be used for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A was genetically conjugated to epidermal growth factor to produce a chimeric protein recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-epidermal growth factor expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-epidermal...

conclusions based on the findings of this study, s. aureus enterotoxin c (sec) has been detected in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by pcr and elisa methods. these valuable findings may describe the exact etiology of the ra and as well as change the methods of its diagnosis and treatment. this is the first research, which has shown the staphylococcal entc gene in synovial f...

The enterotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae I produces fluid and electrolyte secretion in the rabbit ileum. These present studies were designed to evaluate nonelectrolyte transport in rabbit ileal mucosa exposed to Shigella enterotoxin. Both 10 mM galactose and 5 mM L-alanine absorptions were significantly impaired in enterotoxin-exposed ileal mucosa compared with control mucosa. L-Alanine influx w...

Anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulins immobilized on CH-Sepharose or CNBr-Sepharose were used for affinity chromatography purification of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Cell extracts containing enterotoxin or partially purified toxin preparations were applied to the column and nonspecifically-bound protein was eluted. NaOH was used to elute specifically bound toxin. The purity of enterotoxin p...

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) was applied in combination with a fluorescein-conjugated molecular beacon specific for a sequence flanked by transcript-specific primers in order to monitor hblC enterotoxin gene expression in real-time from milk separately contaminated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus circulans. Maximal enterotoxin expression was n...

Ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food leads to staphylococcal food poisoning, the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. There are five major staphylococcal enterotoxins: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. While variants of these toxins have been described and were linked to specific hosts or levels or enterotoxin production, data on sequence va...