That surface roughness has an effect on fluid flow in networks has been understood for well over a century. The exact effect roughness has on fluid flow has not been completely understood, but a working estimate has been offered by a variety of authors over time. The work of Colebrook, Nikuradse, and Moody has provided practitioners with a method to include at least a first order estimate of ro...

Seitavuopio, P.J, 2006. The roughness and imaging characterisation of different pharmaceutical surfaces Dissertationes biocientiarum molecularium Universitatis Helsingiensis in Viikki, 10/2006, pp.91, ISBN 952-10-3117-4 (print) ISBN 952-10-3118-2 (pdf) ISSN 1795-7079. The surface properties of solid state pharmaceutics are of critical importance. Processing modifies the surfaces and effects sur...

An accurate estimation of roughness coefficients is of vital importance in any open channel flow study. In flood routing in natural rivers, most channels have compound sections and the roughness values in main channel and flood plains are usually different. In order to have more accurate results, the roughness of main channel and flood plains should be considered separately. It is possible to i...

A controversial point in fluid dynamics is to distinguish the relative importance of surface roughness and fluid-surface intermolecular interactions in determining the boundary condition. Here hydrodynamic forces were compared for flow of Newtonian fluids past surfaces of variable roughness but similar, poorly wetted, surface chemistry. The critical shear stress and shear rate to observe deviat...

Vegetation resistance influences water flow in floodplains. Characterization of vegetation for hydraulic modeling includes the description of the spatial variability of vegetation type, height and density. In this research, we explored the use of dual polarized Radarsat-2 wide swath mode backscatter coefficients (σ°) and Landsat 5 TM to derive spatial hydraulic roughness. The spatial roughness ...

The effect of structured roughness on the heat transfer of water flowing through minichannels was experimentally investigated in this study. The test channels were formed by two 12.7 mm wide 94.6 mm long stainless steel strips. Eight structured roughness elements were generated using a wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) process as lateral grooves of sinusoidal profile on the channel wall...

Human subjects can tactually estimate the magnitude of surface roughness. Although many psychophysical and neurophysiological experiments have elucidated the peripheral neural mechanisms that underlie tactile roughness estimation, the associated cortical mechanisms are not well understood. To identify the brain regions responsible for the tactile estimation of surface roughness, we used functio...

Natural disasters like floods are a worldwide phenomenon and a serious threat to mankind. Flood simulations are applications of disaster control, which are used for the development of appropriate flood protection. Adequate simulations require not only the geometry but also the roughness of the Earth’s surface, as well as the roughness of the objects hereon. Usually, the floodplain roughness is ...

Articular cartilage is the bearing surface of synovial joints and plays a crucial role in the tribology to enable low friction joint movement. A detailed understanding of the surface roughness of articular cartilage is important to understand how natural joints behave and the parameters required for future joint replacement materials. Bovine articular cartilage on bone samples was prepared and ...

A number of studies aimed to distinguish the structural patterns at the interfaces of obligate and non-obligate protein-protein complexes. These studies revealed better geometric complementarity of protomers in obligate complexes over non-obligates. We showed that protein surface roughness can be used to explain this observation. Using smoothened atomic fractal dimension (SAFD) as a descriptor,...