The location of the postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies projecting to cerebral arteries is unknown. Using axonal tracing techniques, we examined whether the sphenopalatine ganglia (associated with the seventh cranial nerve) and otic ganglia (associated with ninth cranial nerve) contain perikarya which send axons to the feline middle cerebral artery (MCA). The tracers horseradish peroxida...

Postpartum headache is a common complaint faced by most obstetricians, with over 39% of women having in the first postpartum week. With increasing use labour epidural analgesia, incidence postdural puncture (PDPH) due to inadvertent dural 0.5-1%. Most treatment modalities relieve symptoms PDPH minimizing compensatory cerebral vasodilatation, or sealing site. Treatment options include, conservati...

Angiography and endovascular embolization play an important role in controlling acute arterial upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, particularly when endoscopic intervention fails to do so. In our case, the patient presented with recurrent life-threatening bleed in spite of multiple prior endoscopic interventions and gastroduodenal artery embolization. Our teaching points focus on the role of ang...

The most studied recess of the sphenoid sinus seems to be the lateral one, which is highly variable. Less attention seems to be paid to the maxillary recess, extending anterior, inferior and lateral towards the maxillary sinus. Twenty patients were referred for CT of the paranasal sinuses (axial CT), during a 3-month period. After examining the morphology of the sphenoid sinuses, the authors fo...

AIM An ageing population and increase in patient co-morbidities are forcing cardiac surgeons to meticulously consider the benefits and risks of respective conduits and their harvesting techniques. CASE REPORTS Two cases of simultaneous endoscopic radial artery and great saphenous vein harvesting, for redo coronary artery bypass grafting, are presented. A shortage of venous conduits after prev...