The rice endophyte Harpophora oryzae shares a common pathogenic ancestor with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Direct comparison of the interactions between a single plant species and two closely-related (1) pathogenic and (2) mutualistic fungi species can improve our understanding of the evolution of the interactions between plants and fungi that lead to either mutualistic or pathogen...

Cattle grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) often develop fescue toxicosis. This condition is thought to be caused by ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Endophytes from wild tall fescue plants, which do not produce ergot alkaloids, were transferred into the endophyte-free tall fescue germplasm, HiMag. The novel associations also lacked the ability ...

Sixty-four growing steers were used in a split-plot experiment, where the whole plot was pasture, and implant level. Whole treatment 4 × 2 factorial with four levels of fescue (High Endophyte, Low Novel, or Endophyte Free) two legume (Legumes No Legumes). The included (No Implant, Synovex One Grass, Revalor-G, Ralgro). Data collected weights ultrasound carcass characteristics when coming off gr...

Epichloë spp. are symbiotic fungal endophytes of many cool season grasses. The presence of the fungal endophytes often confers insect, drought, and disease tolerance to the host grasses. The presence of the fungal endophytes within the host plants does not elicit host defense responses. The molecular basis for this phenomenon is not known. Epichloë festucae, the endophyte of Festuca rubra, expr...

The literature on the importance of Epichloë grass endophytes during pasture renewal is reviewed. Perennial ryegrass endophyte strains such as AR1, NEA2, and Standard Endophyte (SE) well tall fescue meadow endophytes, significantly increase seedling survival at establishment under insect pressure, for example from adult Argentine stem weevil, grub, African black beetle. However, in endophyte-in...

Fungal endophytes may alter plant responses to the environment, but how does environment affect communities of fungal symbionts within plants? We examined impact nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion on endophyte prairie grass Andropogon gerardii in a full factorial field experiment. Fungi were cultured from stems, young leaves, mature ITS sequences obtained, incidence, community richness, ...

There was a mistake in the name of affiliation. It is written Bu Ali-Sina university, but it must be Bu-Ali Sina University ( place of).

Research on the interaction of endophytes and native grasses normally takes infection status into account, but less often considers the species of endophyte involved in the interaction. Here, we examined the effect of endophyte infection, endophyte species, nitrogen availability, and plant maternal genotype on the performance of a wild grass, Achnatherum sibiricum. Six different Epichloë-infect...

Festuca rubra plants maintain associations with the vertically transmitted fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae. A high prevalence of infected host plants in semiarid grasslands suggests that this association could be mutualistic. We investigated if the Epichloë-endophyte affects the growth and nutrient content of F. rubra plants subjected to drought. Endophyte-infected (E+) and non-infected (E-)...

1. Plants form mutualistic symbioses with a variety of microorganisms including endophytic fungi that live inside the plant and cause no overt symptoms of infection. Some endophytic fungi form defensive mutualisms based on the production of bioactive metabolites that protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for a protected niche and nutrition from the host plant. Key elements of these symb...