background :adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that has a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system. the amphetamine derivative (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma or ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally to obtain an enhanced affiliated emotional response. mdma is a potent monoaminergic neurotoxin with the potential of damage to brain neuro...

Embodied cognition is a theory that emphasizes the importance of sensorimotor experiences for cognition. Therefore, the present study focused on how the facial expression manipulation influences the property judgments toward Chinese emotional words. 41 college students were divided into “biting the pen with smile” group and control group to rate the same 26 Chinese emotional words chosen from a...

Facial expression is a major source of image variation in face images. Linking numerous expressions to the same face can be a huge challenge for face learning and recognition. It remains largely unknown what level of exposure to this image variation is critical for expression-invariant face recognition. We examined this issue in a recognition memory task, where the number of facial expressions ...