In this article we analyze 11 years of near-surface meteorology using observations from an open-ocean surface mooring located in the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic (51°W, 15°N). Air-sea fluxes heat, freshwater, and momentum are derived these Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk parameterization. Using dataset, compute a climatology annual cycle meteorological conditions air...

A combination of satellite data, reanalysis products and climate models are combined to monitor changes in water vapour, clear-sky radiative cooling of the atmosphere and precipitation over the period 1979-2006. Climate models are able to simulate observed increases in column integrated water vapour (CWV) with surface temperature (Ts) over the ocean. Changes in the observing system lead to spur...

The MYSTIC three-dimensional Monte-Carlo radiative transfer model has been extended to simulate solar and thermal irradiances with a rigorous consideration of topography. Forward as well as backward Monte Carlo simulations are possible for arbitrarily oriented surfaces and we demonstrate that the backward Monte Carlo technique is superior to the forward method for applications involving topogra...

Global information of cloud ice water path (IWP) is urgently needed for testing of global climate models (GCMs) and other applications. Accurate quantification of the IWP is essential for characterizing the hydrological and radiation budget. For example, the reflection of shortwave radiation by ice clouds reduces the solar energy reaching the earth’s surface. Ice clouds can also trap the longwa...

Abstract. We present the dust module in Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) version 2.0, a chemical weather prediction system that can be used for regional and global modeling at range of resolutions. The representations processes MONARCH were upgraded with focus on emission (emission parameterizations, entrainment thresholds, considerations soil moisture surf...

This article focuses on the short-term prediction algorithm for ice condensation highway pavement. Solar radiation, ground long wave and atmospheric inverse radiation are main factors affecting road surface temperature changes. According to principle of heat transfer, there is a balance relationship among these three factors. Therefore, based between radiations physical formula, this designs ic...