There have been significant breakthroughs over the past decade in the development and use of pluripotent stem cells as a potential source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. It is likely that this methodology will begin to play an important role in human clinical medicine in the years to come. This review describes the plasticity of one type of pluripotent cell, spermatogonial s...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells hold great promise for treating degenerative diseases, including diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, neural degeneration, and cardiomyopathies. This research is controversial to some because producing ES cells requires destroying embryos, which generally means human embryos. However, some of the surplus human embryos available from in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics ...

Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines derived from human blastocysts have the developmental potential to form derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers even after prolonged culture. Here we describe the clonal derivation of two human ES cell lines, H9.1 and H9.2. At the time of the clonal derivation of the H9.1 and H9.2 ES cell lines, the parental ES cell line, H9, had already been continuously c...

background: recently, embryonic stem (es) cells have become very important resources in basic medical researches. these cells can differetiate into derivatives of all primary germ layers. objectives: in order to isolate embryonic stem cells in vitro, the blastocyst were cultured and the morphological aspects, population doubling time, alkalin phosphatse and differentiation properties of the cel...

Background: Pancreatic islet transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment for type I diabetes. However, its efficacy is severely hampered due to poor islet engraftment and revascularization, which have been resulted to partially loss of transplanted islets. It has been shown that local delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could accelerate transplanted islet revasculari...

The transcriptional activators Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog cooperate with a wide array of cofactors to orchestrate an embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific gene expression program that forms the molecular basis of pluripotency. Here, we report using an unbiased in vitro transcription-biochemical complementation assay to discover a multisubunit stem cell coactivator complex (SCC) that is selectively requi...

Abbreviations: BMSCs: Bone Marrow-derived Stem Cells; c-MYC: Myc Proto-oncogene Protein; CXCr: CXC-Chemokine Receptor; DE: Definitive Endoderm; DPP4: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; EB: Embryoid Body; EGF: Epidermal Growth Factor; ES: Embryonic Stem; ESCs: Embryonic Stem Cells; FACS: Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting; FGF: Fibroblast Growth Factor; FoXa2: Forkhead Box Protein A2; GLP1: Glucagon-like ...

Esrrb (oestrogen-related receptor beta) is a transcription factor implicated in embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal, yet its knockout causes intrauterine lethality due to defects in trophoblast development. Here we show that in trophoblast stem (TS) cells, Esrrb is a downstream target of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling and is critical to drive TS cell self-renewal. In contrast to it...

Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are commonly cultured on feeder layers of primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Because gene targeting experiments often involve sequential selection for multiple-drug resistance in single ES cell lines, we have developed a new mouse strain which represents an economical donor for the production of multiple-drug resistant MEFs. MEFs prepared from the DR-4...

A sensitive RT-PCR display technique was used to examine the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The majority of PTPs are expressed constitutively but one is present only in undifferentiated ES cells. This PTP was cloned and named ES cell phosphatase (ESP). ESP mRNA is detectable in oocytes and throughout early mouse ...