cumulative embryo score (ces) is one of the many embryo scoring methods which have been developed to help clinicians to transfer high quality embryos and predict pregnancy rate in assisted reproductive techniques (art) cycles. regarding the existing difference in ces calculation this study was done to compare two methods in order to determine the more practical and preferable one. in a retrospe...

BACKGROUND The risks of premature birth and perinatal death are increased after in vitro fertilization. These risks are mainly due to the high incidence of multiple births, which relates to the number of embryos transferred. METHODS We performed a randomized, multicenter trial to assess the equivalence of two approaches to in vitro fertilization with respect to the rates of pregnancy that res...

Although the mechanisms under which sex ratio is controlled in nature remain unknown, researchers have attempted to treat sperm in an effort to predetermine the sex of the offspring. The methods of sperm separation that have been repeatedly reported to isolate fractions rich in X- or Y-chromosome bearing sperm are serum albumin gradient swim-up and flow cytometry. However, the ability of the se...

Ovarian stimulation increases the risk of ovarian torsion. During an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, the effects of ovarian torsion on retrieved oocytes and subsequent pregnancy chances are not clear. Moreover, no cases of ovarian torsion occurring following oocyte retrieval but prior to same-cycle embryo transfer have been reported. Such cases present a clinical dilemma with respect to opt...

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided embryo transfer was performed on 121 consecutive patients. Observation was made of guiding cannula and transfer catheter placement in relation to the endometrial surface and uterine fundus during embryo transfer. The position and movement of a transfer-associated air bubble and the impact of subendometrial myometrial contraction leading to endometrial movement was...

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), which mediates the functioning of FSH, plays a central role in reproduction. We investigated bovine FSHR gene polymorphisms and analyzed their relationships with pregnancy rates after embryo transfer and with hormone concentrations on the day of embryo transfer. One reported SNP of FSHR, G-278A, located in the 5'-upstream region, was analyzed and th...

BACKGROUND Embryo transfer to a developed endometrium is an important prognostic factor in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle outcome. Vaginal estrogen, such as Vagifem vaginal tablets and Premarin vaginal cream, is a regimen used for the patients with refractive endometria. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the effects of Vagifem and Premarin on the endometrial thickness of the patient...

In order to reduce the chance of multiple pregnancy during in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)– embryo transfer treatment, there is an increasing trend towards transferring a lower number of embryos. Surplus good-quality embryos are then transferred in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. The first pregnancy after FET was reported in 1983.1 It has been estimated that in IVF programmes in which ...

BACKGROUND Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) in a selected group of patients (i.e. young patients with at least one good quality embryo) reduces the number of multiple pregnancies in an IVF programme. However, the reduced overall multiple pregnancy rate (PR) is still unacceptably high. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted comparing eSET and double embryo transfer (D...

Ovarian pregnancy (OP) after embryo transfer is very rare. Due to the rarity and the asymptomatic nature, there are still difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The traditional operative treatment for OP has been oophorectomy. However, the desire to maintain reproductive capability and improvements in laparoscopy have more recently led to conservative laparoscopic techniques. This rare compli...