Abstract The design of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankments is traditionally optimized by searching for the most cost-effective solution among several workable candidates. candidates are usually based on experiences engineers, real optimal could be therefore missed. This paper intends to address above-mentioned issue systematically optimizing GRPS considering simultaneo...

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has seen increased use in the monitoring condition of river embankments, due to its spatial subsurface coverage, sensitivity changes internal states, such as moisture content, and ability identify seepage other erosional process with time-lapse ERT. Two-dimensional ERT surveys are commonly used time site constraints, but they often sensitive features anom...

Recycled materials like Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) and Fly Ash are prevalent in recent feasibility studies on reused geotechnical engineering applications. Red Mud is a mining waste from aluminum manufacturing, by-product of coal combustion power plants. Nevertheless, to fully reveal the using those for constructing above-ground earth structures, better understanding their unsaturated performanc...