A major determinant of mRNA half-life is the codon-dependent rate of translational elongation. How the processes of translational elongation and mRNA decay communicate is unclear. Here, we establish that the DEAD-box protein Dhh1p is a sensor of codon optimality that targets an mRNA for decay. First, we find mRNAs whose translation elongation rate is slowed by inclusion of non-optimal codons ar...

1. Transport of the plant growth hormone into the Avena coleoptile as well as the action of the hormone on cell elongation in the coleoptile are shown to depend upon aerobic metabolism. 2. Crystalline auxine, in contrast with impure preparations, affects neither the magnitude nor the respiratory quotient of coleoptile respiration. 3. Increasing age of the coleoptile cell decreases its rate of e...

Magnesium alloys offer a favored alternative to steels and aluminum alloys due to their low density and relatively high specific strength. Their application potentials are, however, impeded by poor formability at room temperature. In the current work, improved formability for the commercial magnesium AZ80 alloy was attained through the application of the high-rate electro-magnetic forming (EMF)...

Increased soil strength due to soil compaction or soil drying is a major limitation to root growth and crop productivity. Roots need to exert higher penetration force, resulting in increased penetration stress when elongating in soils of greater strength. This study aimed to quantify how the genotypic diversity of root tip geometry and root diameter influences root elongation under different le...

Increased soil strength due to soil compaction or soil drying is a major limitation to root growth and crop productivity. Roots need to exert higher penetration force, resulting in increased penetration stress when elongating in soils of greater strength. This study aimed to quantify how the genotypic diversity of root tip geometry and root diameter influences root elongation under different le...

Translation is a central biological process by which proteins are synthesized from genetic information contained within mRNAs. Here we study the kinetics of translation at molecular level through a stochastic simulation model. The model explicitly include RNA sequences, ribosome dynamics, tRNA pool and biochemical reactions in the translation elongation. The results show that the translation ef...