THIS STUDY AIMED TO EXAMINE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON MOTOR TIMING: personal, maximum and "once per second" tapping. The acute effect was examined by comparing the baseline tapping with that after acute exercise in 9 amateur athletes, 8 elite synchronous swimmers and 9 elite biathletes. Then the baseline tapping was compared among athletes of different sports and professional levels (15 el...

Abstract Aiming at the premature convergence problem of particle swarm optimization (PSO) due to loss population diversity in late stage search, this paper improves traditional PSO and proposes elite mean deviation induction strategy, which speed accuracy PSO. The experimental results show that improved are improved. effectiveness algorithm is proved.

Do elite strategists always project powerfulness in how they talk about their strategy work? Whilst the discourse literature has often assumed that those occupying senior positions strength negotiate power through discourse, our findings challenge and elaborate this assumption by revealing aspects of vulnerability powerlessness themselves as strategists. Based on 48 around world, extend at inte...

— This paper focuses on crafting a workable strategy for civil society advocacy in rural Bangladesh that can adequately represent the interests of the poorest groups. It shows how the poor and the poorest rely on patron–client ties, to avoid destitution and to survive, respectively, while arguing that the poor need to move beyond these inherently disempowering relationships. Recent agricultural...

The task of finding minimal elements of a partially ordered set is a generalization of the task of finding the global minimum of a real-valued function or of finding Pareto-optimal points of a multicriteria optimization problem. It is shown that evolutionary algorithms are able to converge to the set of minimal elements in finite time with probability one, provided that the search space is fini...

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Phytophthora cinnamomi causes a severe root rot in avocado, Persea americana. Breeding tolerant rootstocks is thought to be the most promising method for phytophthora root rot disease control but breeding avocado is challenging. The avocado flowering syndrome (synchronous protogynous dichogamy), combined with high flowering and low fruit set, render controlled pollination exceedingly difficult....