Many animals extract, synthesize and refine chemicals for colour display, where a range of compounds and structures can produce a diverse colour palette. Feather colours, for example, span the visible spectrum and mostly result from pigments in five chemical classes (carotenoids, melanins, porphyrins, psittacofulvins and metal oxides). However, the pigment that generates the yellow colour of pe...

By a multitude of very important observations involving the QCD penguin, CLEO [1] has declared 1997 to be the year of the Strong Penguin. The observed size of the various modes suggest that the penguin is rather robust. The experimental observations have fueled intense theoretical activity some of which we will briefly review here. For convenience, we have divided the theoretical activity into ...

Vicente Riva Palacio. Cuentos del General y otros relatos. Prólogo, edición, notas cronología de Diana Vanessa Geraldo Camacho. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma México. Instituto Investigaciones Filológicas / Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial, 2019 (Penguin Clásicos).

New data from the BaBar, Belle, and CLEO Collaborations on B decays to two-body charmless final states are analyzed, with the following consequences: (1) The penguin amplitude which dominates the decay B+ → π+K∗0 has a magnitude similar to that dominating B+ → π+K0. (2) The decay B+ → π+η, a good candidate for observing direct CP violation, should be detectable at present levels of sensitivity....

A bstract Leptoquarks are prime candidates for explaining the intriguing hints lepton flavour universality violation. In particular, SU(2) L doublet of scalar leptoquarks S 2 is capable providing an explanation tensions between measurements and Standard Model predictions in ( g ? 2) ? , b ? s? + ? c?? processes, as well non-resonant di-electron production. However, minimal setup with a single l...

Effects of 2- or 4-month bedrest in -6 degrees head-down tilt position with or without countermeasures on the histochemical properties of fiber phenotype and cross-sectional area (CSA) were studied in human soleus. The CSAs in slow fibers decreased approximately 32% during 4-month bedrest. This reduction was normalized after 1-month recovery. Although the reduction of percent slow fibers was no...

The measurements of B → πK decays have been in disagreement with the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) for some time. In this paper, we perform an update of this puzzle using the latest (2008) data. We find that the situation has become far less clear. A fit to the B → πK data alone suggests the presence of new physics (NP). Indeed, if one adds a constraint on the weak phase γ coming from ...

Penguins are an important seabird species in Antarctica and are sensitive to climate and environmental changes. Previous studies indicated that penguin populations increased when the climate became warmer and decreased when it became colder in the maritime Antarctic. Here we determined organic markers in a sediment profile collected at Cape Bird, Ross Island, high Antarctic, and reconstructed t...