TENS is a method of electrical stimulation which primarily aims to provide a degree of symptomatic pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and thereby stimulating either the pain gate mechanism and/or the opioid system. The different methods of applying TENS relate to these different physiological mechanisms. The effectiveness of TENS varies with the clinical pain being treated, but research wou...

That human body generates biological electric field and current is a well-known natural phenomenon. In 1983, electrical potentials ranging between 10 and 60 mV at various locations of the human body were measured by Barker (Foulds & Barker, 1983), who also located the so-called epidermal or skin “battery” inside the living layer of the epidermis. Naturally occurred electrical field in human bod...

Patients with hemiplegia frequently have difficulty in walking due to lack of eversion and dorsiflexion capability of the foot. One method of treating these patients utilizes functional electrical stimulation (FES). The effect of FES on locomotion, co-ordination, proprioception and balance sense was assessed using instrumented gait analysis and a postural sway test. In general patients treated ...

Partial or total isolation of the cerebral cortex was offered as a model for the study of focal epilepsy 6. After weeks or months the isolated cortex became sensitive to electrical stimulation or to topically applied acetylcholine (ACh) 5. Isolated cortex may also sustain prolonged epileptiform afterdischargeg, 2a. This is one measure of supersensitivity. A causal relationship between supersens...

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for gastroparesis has been in use for more than a decade. Multiple publications, consisting almost entirely of open label single center studies, reported a beneficial effect on symptoms, quality of life and nutritional status. Some predictors of better response to GES have been lately identified, primarily diabetic etiology and nausea and vomiting as the pre...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and low-level laser therapy on neuromuscular parameters and health status in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN A randomized evaluator-blinded clinical trial. SUBJECTS Forty-five elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Subjects were randomized into 1 of the following 3 intervention groups: el...