This tutorial article presents a ‘bottom-up’ view of electrical resistance starting from something really small, like a molecule, and then discussing the issues that arise as we move to bigger conductors. Remarkably, no serious quantum mechanics is needed to understand electrical conduction through something really small, except for unusual things like the Kondo effect that are seen only for a ...

The electrical conductivity of pure Cu powder is typically deteriorated at elevated temperatures due to the oxidation by forming non-conducting oxides on surface, while enhancing oxidation resistance via alloying is often accompanied by a drastic decline of electrical conductivity. Obtaining Cu powder with both a high electrical conductivity and a high oxidation resistance represents one of the...

Ethylene cracking furnace system is the heart of ethylene production. It can process different raw materials in the pipe group of each furnace and can produce the main chemical products like ethylene, propylene and ethane. In the real world ethylene plant, there are two operation modes in the furnace system, one has a backup furnace in the system and the other is with all the furnaces available...

We examined the contribution of actin-myosin contraction to the modulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell focal adhesion caused by histamine and thrombin. Focal adhesion was measured as the electrical resistance across a cultured monolayer grown on a microelectrode. Actin-myosin contraction was measured as isometric tension of cultured monolayers grown on a collagen gel. Histamine imm...

A dynamic, first-principles process model for a steelmaking electric arc furnace has been developed. The is an integrated part of application designed optimization during operation the furnace. Special care taken to ensure that non-linear robust and accurate enough real-time optimization. formulated in terms state variables ordinary differential equations adapted data using recursive parameter ...

Grate bar is an industrial part which is used in the indurating furnace of an iron ore pelletizing plant. Steel part ofthe grate bars are expected to have high resistance to atmospheric oxidation because of its contact with hot gases(up to 920 °C) during the normal operation of the process. In this study, different samples from several sections ofused grate bars with apparent ...

HELMAN, S. I., J. J. GRANTHAM, AND M. B. BURG. Eject of vasopressin on electrical resistance of renal cortical collecting tubules. Am. J. Physiol. 220(6) : 1825-1832. 197 1 .-A method is reported for measuring the transepithelial potential difference and electrical resistance in isolated rabbit renal cortical collecting tubules. The mean resistance with isotonic perfusion fluid was 13.8 X lo4 o...

In this study, lead sulfide (PbS) films were grown on Fluorine-doped TinOxide (FTO) glass substrate by thermal evaporation in a horizontal furnace toinvestigate carrier gas effect on structural, morphological, elemental, optical, electricaland photovoltaic properties of PbS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed theformation of cubic polycrystalline PbS particles fo...