We study the problem of routing vehicles with energy constraints through a network where there are at least some charging nodes. We seek to minimize the total elapsed time for vehicles to reach their destinations by determining routes, as well as recharging amounts when the vehicles do not have adequate energy for the entire journey. For a single vehicle, we formulate a mixed-integer nonlinear ...

VANET, short for Vehicle Ad-hoc Network, is an emerging technology with unique characteristics that differentiate it from previous ad-hoc networks. Designing effective routing protocol V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication and V2I (vehicle-to-roadside infrastructure) particularly challenging due to the dynamic nature of topology frequent disconnections. VANET plays a crucial role in developmen...

This research present a set-partitioning heuristic to generate populations in a hybrid genetic algorithm (hGA) which is able to solve four different variants of the vehicle routing problem: the multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP), the heterogeneous fleet and mix decisions (type, size and number of vehicle) (HFMVRP), site dependent vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) and the asymmetric vehic...

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the topic of deterministic vehicle routing problem (VRP) and to give a review on the exact and approximate solution techniques. More specifically the approximate (meta-heuristic) solution techniques are classified into: tabu search, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, evolutionary algorithm, hybrid algorithm, and Ant Colony Opti...

this paper presents a multi-criteria vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (vrpstw) to mini-mize fleet cost, routes cost, and violation of soft time windows penalty. in this case, the fleet is heterogene-ous. the vrpstw consists of a number of constraints in which vehicles are allowed to serve customers out of the desirable time window by a penalty. it is assumed that this relaxation a...

the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (vrpspd) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem which addresses provided service to a set of customers using a homogeneous fleet of capacitated vehicles. the objective is to minimize the distance traveled. the vrpspd is an np-hard combinatorial optimization problem. therefore, practical large-scale instances of vrpspd...

in the recent decade, special attention is paid to reverse logistic due to economic benefits of recovery and recycling of used products as well as environmental legislation and social concerns. on the other hand، many researches claim that separately and sequential planning of forward and reverse logistic causes sub-optimality. effective transport activities are also one of the most important c...