Over time, miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) are expected to increase both in magnitude and share of residential commercial building energy consumption. This trend is most apparent North America, but it also occurring Japan Europe. However, the contribution MELs use not currently well understood, because products this category transforming rapidly definition classification ambiguous. study es...

The potential distribution of ferroelectric domains on a (001) BaTiO3 single crystal surface was investigated via scanning Kelvin probe microscopy at room temperature, with and without an electric field applied parallel to the (001) surface. A reversal of the c domain charge was observed after reaching a critical electric field intensity of 6 V/mm, which was much lower than the 200 V/ mm coerci...