One essential part of automated diagnosis systems for SI engines is due to elements of air path system. The diagnosis task is getting more challenging by including Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) which its transient effects on temperament complexity of the air-path system are quite significant. The faults occur in this subsystem can result in deviation in air-fuel ratio, which causes increased ...

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a potent regulator of phosphate (Pi) and vitamin D homeostasis. The transcription factor, early growth response 1 (egr-1), is a biomarker for FGF23-induced activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. We have shown that ERK1/2 signaling blockade suppresses renal egr-1 gene expression and prevents FGF23-induced hypophosphatemia and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1...

Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the expression pattern of egr-1 mRNA and Egr-1 Ž . protein in several brain regions following administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA . Furthermore, we also Ž . Ž . studied the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate NMDA receptor, dopamine D receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT transporter or 5-HT 1 2A receptor in ...

The Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas pathway is crucial for homeostasis of the immune system and peripheral tolerance. Peripheral lymphocyte deletion involves FasL/Fas in at least two ways: coexpression of both Fas and its ligand on T cells, leading to activation-induced cell death, and expression of FasL by nonlymphoid cells, such as intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), that kill Fas-positive T cells. We d...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidant stress are important mediators of cardiovascular pathologies including atherosclerosis. One source of ROS in the vasculature is free heme released from hemoglobin. Because Egr-1, the regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis, is also induced by oxidant stress and is likewise implicated in atherosclerosis, we examined the regulation of Egr-1 by heme ...

Urea, in concentrations unique to the renal medulla, increases transcription and protein expression of several immediate–early genes (IEGs) including the zinc finger-containing transcription factor, Egr-1 . In the present study, the proximal 1.2 kb of the murine Egr-1 5 9 -flanking sequence conferred urea-responsiveness to a heterologous luciferase reporter gene when transiently transfected int...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress in cells is an important pathophysiological process during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and the transcription factor Egr-1 is a master switch for various damage pathways during reperfusion injury. An in vitro model of myocardial I/R injury and H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was used to assess whether ...

Early growth response-1 (EGR-1) is considered a central regulator in tumor cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis and a promising candidate for gene therapy in human astrocytomas. However, conflicting data have been reported suggesting that both tumor promoting and anti-tumor activity of EGR-1 and its regulation, expression and prognostic significance still remain enigmatic. Our study e...

Chronic airway rejection, characterized by lymphocytic bronchitis, epithelial cell damage, and obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), limits long-term survival after lung transplantation. The transcription factor early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) induces diverse inflammatory mediators, some involved in OB pathogenesis. An orthotopic mouse tracheal transplant model was used to determine whether Egr...

The early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) is induced during positive selection in the thymus and has been implicated in the differentiation of CD4+ thymocytes. Here, we show that signals that specifically direct CD8 lineage commitment also induce Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in the nucleus. However, we find that pharmacological inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-re...