BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine kinases are important regulators of cellular homeostasis with tightly controlled catalytic activity. Mutations in kinase-encoding genes can relieve the autoinhibitory constraints on kinase activity, can promote malignant transformation, and appear to be a major determinant of response to kinase inhibitor therapy. Missense mutations in the EGFR kinase domain, for exam...

Recently, we reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induce expression of a module of genes known to be inducible by interferons and particularly interferon-gamma. Here we show that the module is tightly regulated by EGFR in the 2 human cancer cell lines that overexpress EGFR, A431 and HN5. The module of genes included the tumor suppressor IRF-1, which was used as a prototypical m...

BACKGROUND Fifty percent of lung adenocarcinomas harbor somatic mutations in six genes that encode proteins in the EGFR signaling pathway, i.e., EGFR, HER2/ERBB2, HER4/ERBB4, PIK3CA, BRAF, and KRAS. We performed mutational profiling of a large cohort of lung adenocarcinomas to uncover other potential somatic mutations in genes of this signaling pathway that could contribute to lung tumorigenesi...

BACKGROUND Appropriate patient selection is needed for targeted therapies that are efficacious only in patients with specific genetic alterations. We aimed to define subgroups of patients with candidate driver genes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Patients with primary lung cancer who underwent clinical genetic tests at Guangdong General Hospital were enrolled. Driver gen...

PURPOSE Activating somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are present in a small subset of lung adenocarcinomas. These mutations cluster in specific regions and confer sensitivity to inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR. To further determine the genetic and molecular characteristics of tumors carrying EGFR gene mutations, we investigated the EGFR gen...

BACKGROUND Evidence strongly suggests that spontaneous doublet mutations in normal mouse tissues generally arise from chronocoordinate events. These chronocoordinate mutations sometimes reflect "mutation showers", which are multiple chronocoordinate mutations spanning many kilobases. However, little is known about mutagenesis of doublet and multiplet mutations (domuplets) in human cancer. Lung ...

background and objective: egfr and her-2 are two members of erbb/her family of type i transmembrane growth factor receptors. cox2 is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which has a major role in angiogenesis and can modelate tumor growth. the aim of this study was to determine the level of expression of egfr, her-2 and cox2 in colorectd cancer. mater...

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational analysis is an excellent predictor of responsiveness to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib. In up to 80% of NSCLCs, cytologic samples or endoscopic biopsies are the only specimens available for molecular analysis, but PCR amplification of DNA from small fixed and paraffin-embedded...

PURPOSE To identify novel oncogenic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patient specimens that lack mutations in known targetable genes ("pan-negative" patients). METHODS Comprehensive mutational analyses were performed on 1,356 lung adenocarcinoma specimens. In this cohort of patients, common lung cancer oncogenic driver mutations were detected in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EG...

BACKGROUND In our previous gene expression profile analysis, IL1B, S100A8, S100A9, and EGFR were shown to be important mediators of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of these gene signatures to predict disease progression after chemotherapy in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic MIBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS P...