sustainable exploitation of land resources is directly affected by considering soil quality which finally will also conclude environmental protection. therefore, assessing different soil quality aspects which are sensitive to various land management practices seems too important. in this study, some selected soil quality indicators have been compared in five land use systems including untouched...

1939 is a fundamental date in the history of Spain: it beginning totalitarian regime. At end Spanish Civil War, hundreds thousands people were forced to leave their homeland. Writers, philosophers, artists, scientists, and from different cultural fields scattered around world. The writers who lands behind members three generations intellectuals led literary life country since 19th century until...

Land use change as the most important destructive factor in natural ecosystems is a globally problem that changes soil properties. Therefore, correct management and recognition of change aspects on each component of the ecosystem is necessary. This process causes land destruction, ecosystem instability, soil erosion, and more biological threats. Due to increasing land use conversion from rangel...

Aghmat, medieval city of the Haouz region (Marrakech), is described by textual sources as a prosperous commercial city, surrounded fertile lands. Located at foot High Atlas, opening Ourika valley, it benefited from geographical situation favourable to development an important irrigated agriculture. However, Aghmat was hit great crisis that struck Morocco end 14th and during 15th c., abandoned. ...

1. Definitions 1.1. Types of Aridity 1.2. Levels of Aridity 2. Paleoperspective 3. People and Land Use in Arid Lands 3.1. Foragers/Hunter–gatherers 3.2. Agriculturists 3.3. Pastoralists 4. Geomorphology of Arid and Semiarid Lands 5. Biological Diversity in Arid Lands 5.1. Arid and Semiarid Lands Plants and their Uses 5.2. The Future of the Conservation of Wild Plants in Arid Regions 6. Climatic...