in the present study an attempt has been made to use a non-parametric method data envelopment analysis (dea) for assessing source-wise and operation-wise the technical efficiency (te) and return-to-scale (rts) for paddy production in four zones of the state of punjab, india. the results were then compared to corresponding ones already obtained from a parametric method (cobb-douglas production f...

abstract beliefs are an important aspect of any learning program as they affect the way teachers and students define their roles, and the way they approach their duties and responsibilities. besides, they highly affect teachers’ practices, methods, and lesson plans. the importance of beliefs inspired the present researchers to evaluate and compare efl teachers’ beliefs before and after a teache...

Experiences and beliefs are different sorts of mental states, and are often taken to belong to very different domains. Experiences are paradigmatically phenomenal, characterized by what it is like to have them. Beliefs are paradigmatically intentional, characterized by their propositional content. But there are a number of crucial points where these domains intersect. One central locus of inter...

this study was an attempt to investigate iranian efl teachers’ beliefs about effective teaching in foreign language classrooms. more specifically, the study addresses the need for a clear understanding of the role of teaching effectiveness in efl classrooms by looking at iranian efl teachers’ own beliefs. to this end, 90 iranian efl instructors of the english language voluntarily participated i...