The present study aimed to investigate the effect of subliminal presentation of substance-related and smoking-related pictures on craving beliefs, beliefs about substance use and craving. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. Statistical population of the research included male substance users referring to Rasht addiction treatment clinics (d...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of positive youth development and life satisfaction with attitude toward substance use in high school students of Qom city. Method: This study was a descriptive research, which falls within the category of correlational studies. The senior high school students of Qom city constituted the statistical population of this study, a...

Nowadays almost all schools fail to develop a process in line with supporting the professional development of teachers. Professional learning communities intend to formulate a framework and process for teachers’ continuous learning and professional development. The present research aims to investigate the impact of Professional Learning Communities (PLC) on the teachers’ self-efficacy. This res...

Background and purpose: Discrimination, stigma and social exclusion are very real aspects of life with psychiatric disorders. Individuals with such problems are faced with losing the opportunities for education, employment, and many obstacles regarding social activities. These will also negatively influence the communities. Given the importance of stigma, the present study aimed to validate the...

Introduction: Academic self-efficacy refers to learners’ belief in their abilities in academic process, whose realization is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between academic self-efficacy and perceived stress, coping strategies and perceived social support among the students of University of Guilan. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study wa...

Background: Nowadays, learning is one of the most important factors in the lives of human beings. Lifelong learning and its effective variables are the topics of discussion in the contemporary era. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of academic vitality, academic self-efficacy, and metacognitive skills with lifelong learning concerning the mediating role of ...